Role of CCR2 in immunobiology and neurobiologyClinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - Tập 3 Số 1 - Trang 16-29 - 2012
Ryo Yamasaki, Liping Liu, Jessica Lin, Richard M. Ransohoff
AbstractChemokines and their receptors play crucial roles in the trafficking of leukocytes and are of particular interest in the context of the unique inflammatory responses elicited in the central nervous system (CNS). The chemokine receptor CCR2 and its ligand CCL2 have been implicated in a wide range of immunobiological processes and neuropathologies, including recruitment of monocytes and regulation of bone marrow homeostasis, as well as multiple sclerosis, HIV‐associated dementia, Alzheimer’s disease and neuropathic pain. Recently, powerful biological tools (CCR2‐red fluorescent protein [RFP] knock‐in mice) have been developed to analyze the functions of CCR2 in different cell populations, and intriguing results have emerged from those mice. The present review emphasizes CCR2/CCL2 as a key chemokine/chemokine receptor pair that controls the recruitment or retention of a key subset of mononuclear phagocytes in inflammation associated with host defense or disease. (Clin. Exp. Neuroimmunol. doi: 10.1111/j.1759‐1961.2011.00024.x, January 2012)
Japan MG registry: Chronological surveys over 10 yearsClinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - Tập 14 Số 1 - Trang 5-12 - 2023
Shigeaki Suzuki, Masayuki Masuda, Akiyuki Uzawa, Yuriko Nagane, Shingo Konno, Yasushi Suzuki, Tomoya Kubota, Takamichi Sugimoto, Makoto Samukawa, Genya Watanabe, Kei Ishizuchi, Hiroyuki Akamine, Yosuke Onishi, Kazuki Yoshizumi, Takafumi Uchi, Itaru Amino, Yuki Ueta, Naoya Minami, Naoki Kawaguchi, Takashi Kimura, Masanori Takahashi, Hiroyuki Murai, Kimiaki Utsugisawa
AbstractThe primary purpose of the Japanese myasthenia gravis registry (JAMG‐R) has been to research and promote high‐quality medical care for MG patients in Japan. We reviewed the findings of surveys performed by JAMG‐R over an ~10‐y period. The first goal for favorable quality of life (QOL) is a status of minimal manifestations (MM) or better with an oral prednisolone (PSL) dose of 5 mg/d or less (MM‐5 mg). Early and aggressive use of nonoral fast‐acting treatment together with low‐dose oral PSL (the “EFT strategy”) is recommended to reduce disease severity with minimal oral steroid use so that the MM‐5 mg target can be met as soon as possible. We conducted the fourth largest multicenter survey ever in 2021, obtaining detailed clinical information from 1710 consecutive MG patients all over Japan, and compared the 2021 surveys with those from 2012 and 2015. The frequency of patients treated with EFT strategies showed a gradual increase, reaching 39% of the total MG patients in the 2021 survey. The current and maximum dose of PSL and the number of days at high‐dose (>20 mg/d) PSL showed decreases. Survey results indicate that as EFT strategies have spread, the percentage of patients on MM‐5 mg has increased. We again confirmed that MM‐5 mg was associated with favorable QOL in the 2021 survey. Recent data regarding COVID‐19 suggests that it did not seriously impact the MG population in Japan; unfortunately, refractory MG, observed in 21% of patients, is still an unresolved problem.