CSIRO Publishing
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The analysis of adaptation in a plant-breeding programme
Tập 14 Số 6 - Trang 742 - 1963
The adaptation of barley varieties was studied by the use of grain yields of a
randomly chosen group of 277 varieties from a world collection, grown in
replicated trials for several seasons at three sites in South Australia. For
each variety a linear regression of yield on the mean yield of all varieties for
each site and season was computed to measure variety adaptation. In these
calculations the...
Soil carbon fractions based on their degree of oxidation, and the development of a carbon management index for agricultural systems
Tập 46 Số 7 - Trang 1459 - 1995
Increasing population pressure is increasing the demand on agricultural systems
in many parts of the world and this has often led to the degradation of the soil
resource. Soil carbon (C) is a major determinant of sustainability of
agricultural systems and changes can occur in both total and active, or labile,
C pools. A procedure is presented to determine the degree of lability of soil C.
By treat...
Drought resistance, water-use efficiency, and yield potential—are they compatible, dissonant, or mutually exclusive?
Tập 56 Số 11 - Trang 1159 - 2005
This presentation is a concept review paper dealing with a central dilemma in
understanding, designing, and acting upon crop plant improvement programs for
drought conditions. The association among yield potential (YP), drought
resistance (DR), and water-use efficiency (WUE) is often misunderstood, which in
turn can lead to conceptual oversight and wrong decisions in implementing
breeding programs...
The use of plant wax alkanes as marker substances in studies of the nutrition of herbivores: a review
Tập 42 Số 6 - Trang 913 - 1991
This review discusses the potential use of plant wax components, especially
n-alkanes, as markers for estimating herbage intake, estimating the botanical
composition of consumed herbage and studying digesta kinetics. Previous
approaches to making these measurements are discussed briefly. Attention is
drawn to the fact that current methods for estimating intake do not adequately
allow for differenc...
Supplementation of Acacia mearnsii tannins decreases methanogenesis and urinary nitrogen in forage-fed sheep
Tập 56 Số 9 - Trang 961 - 2005
The objective of this experiment was to assess the effects of a partial
replacement of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) by red clover (Trifolium pratense) or
alfalfa (Medicago sativa) supplemented with 0 or 41 g Acacia mearnsii extract
(containing 0.615 g/g condensed tannins)/kg dietary dry matter on nitrogen
turnover and methane release by sheep, using the respiration chamber technique.
Across all varia...
Ascochyta blight of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): a review of biology, pathogenicity, and disease management
Tập 56 Số 4 - Trang 317 - 2005
Ascochyta blight (AB), caused by Ascochyta rabiei is a major disease of chickpea
(Cicer arietinum L.), especially in areas where cool, cloudy, and humid weather
persists during the crop season. Several epidemics of AB causing complete yield
loss have been reported. The fungus mainly survives between seasons through
infected seed and in infected crop debris. Despite extensive pathological and
molec...
Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. III.* Yield associations with morpho-physiological traits
Tập 30 Số 6 - Trang 1001 - 1979
This paper describes associations between yield performance under drought and
morpho-physiological traits, determined both under drought and non-drought
conditions, for a large set of diverse cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.), durum wheat (T. turgidum L.), triticale (X Tritosecale Wittmack)
and barley (Hordeum vulgare L). Performance under drought was considered in
terms of grain yie...
The effect of high temperature on kernel dimensions and the type and occurrence of kernel damage in rice
Tập 42 Số 3 - Trang 485 - 1991
Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Calrose) growing at 27/22�C was either transferred to
day/night temperatures ranging from 24/19 to 39/34�C 7days after heading and
held at these temperatures until maturity, or transferred to a temperature of
36/31�C for 8 day periods at regular intervals commencing from heading. Kernel
dimensions were measured directly and the types of kernel damage at maturity
were char...
Reducing rumen methane emissions through elimination of rumen protozoa
Tập 50 Số 8 - Trang 1321 - 1999
Methanogens living on and within rumen ciliate protozoa may be responsible for
up to 37% of the rumen methane emissions. In the absence of protozoa, rumen
methane emissions are reduced by an average of 13% but this varies with diet.
Decreased methane emissions from the protozoa-free rumen may be a consequence
of: (1) reduced ruminal dry matter digestion; (2) a decreased methanogen
population; (3) ...
Influence of temperature on oil content and composition of sunflower seed
Tập 29 Số 6 - Trang 1203 - 1978
The influence of temperature on the oil content and composition of sunflower was
studied on plants grown under field conditions and in a range of controlled
environments. Traces of oil were detectable in cypsela (seed) almost immediately
after pollination. Much of this appeared to be present in the hull (pericarp),
which is well developed at this stage. Significant production of oil commenced
with...