Brain Pathology

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Paraneoplasia and Autoimmunologic Injury of the Nervous System: The Anti‐Hu Syndrome
Brain Pathology - Tập 3 Số 3 - Trang 199-212 - 1993
Marc K. Rosenblum
In recent years, antineuronal autoantibodies of varying antigenic specificity have come to be associated with a number of paraneoplastic neurologic disorders. Anti‐Hu is a polyclonal complement‐fixing IgG directed against a 35 to 40 kilodalton protein concentrated in the nuclei of neurons throughout the central and peripheral neuraxes. Its elaboration at high titer in serum and cerebrospin...... hiện toàn bộ
TREM2 Protein Expression Changes Correlate with Alzheimer's Disease Neurodegenerative Pathologies in Post‐Mortem Temporal Cortices
Brain Pathology - Tập 25 Số 4 - Trang 469-480 - 2015
Lih‐Fen Lue, Christopher T. Schmitz, Geidy E. Serrano, Lucia I. Sue, Thomas G. Beach, Douglas G. Walker
AbstractTriggering receptor expressed by myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, has anti‐inflammatory phagocytic function in myeloid cells. Several studies have shown that TREM... hiện toàn bộ
SLC20A2 Deficiency in Mice Leads to Elevated Phosphate Levels in Cerbrospinal Fluid and Glymphatic Pathway‐Associated Arteriolar Calcification, and Recapitulates Human Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcification
Brain Pathology - Tập 27 Số 1 - Trang 64-76 - 2017
Mary C. Wallingford, Jia Jun Chia, Elizabeth M. Leaf, Suhaib Borgeia, Nicholas W. Chavkin, Chenphop Sawangmake, Kenneth I. Marro, Timothy C. Cox, Mei Y. Speer, Cecilia M. Giachelli
AbstractIdiopathic basal ganglia calcification is a brain calcification disorder that has been genetically linked to autosomal dominant mutations in the sodium‐dependent phosphate co‐transporter, SLC20A2. The mechanisms whereby deficiency of Slc20a2 leads to basal ganglion calcification are unknown. In the mouse brain, we found that Slc20a2... hiện toàn bộ
PDGF, Pericytes and the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcification (IBGC)
Brain Pathology - Tập 24 Số 4 - Trang 387-395 - 2014
Christer Betsholtz, Annika Keller
AbstractPlatelet‐derived growth factors (PDGFs) are important mitogens for various types of mesenchymal cells, and as such, they exert critical functions during organogenesis in mammalian embryonic and early postnatal development. Increased or ectopic PDGF... hiện toàn bộ
Molecular Mechanisms of Developmental and Tumor Angiogenesis
Brain Pathology - Tập 4 Số 3 - Trang 207-218 - 1994
Karl H. Plate, Georg Breier, Werner Risau
Angiogenesis, the sprouting of capillaries from preexisting vessels, is of fundamental importance during embryonic development and is the principal process by which the brain and certain other organs become vascularized. Angiogenesis occurs during embryonic development but is almost absent in adult tissues. Transient and tightly controlled (physiological) angiogenesis in adult tissues occu...... hiện toàn bộ
Mechanisms of Neuronal Death in Alzheimer's Disease
Brain Pathology - Tập 6 Số 4 - Trang 493-506 - 1996
Carl W. Cotman, Jianping Su
Recent data in cell culture has shown that brain neurons are particularly vulnerable to degeneration by apoptosis. Further the inducers that activate the program (e.g. β‐amyloid, oxidatative damage, low energy metabolism) correspond to conditions present in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. This suggests the possibility that apoptosis may be one of the mechanisms contributing to neuronal...... hiện toàn bộ
Frequent In activation of CDKN2A and Rare Mutation of TP53 in PCNSL
Brain Pathology - Tập 8 Số 2 - Trang 263-276 - 1998
J. M. J. Ludwig Cobbers, Marietta Wolter, Julia Reifenberger, Gudrun U. Ring, Frank Jessen, Han‐Xiang An, Dieter Niederacher, Esther Schmidt, Koichi Ichimura, Frank Floeth, Lutz Kirsch, F Borchard, David N. Louis, Collins Vp, Guido Reifenberger
Twenty primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) from immunocompetent patients (nineteen B‐cell lymphomas and one T‐cell lymphoma) were investigated for genetic alterations and/or expression of the genes BCL2, CCND1, CDK4, CDKN1A, CDKN2A, MDM2, MYC, RB1, REL, and TP53. The gene found to be altered most frequently was ... hiện toàn bộ
Pathophysiology of Hypoperfusion of the Precuneus in Early Alzheimer's Disease
Brain Pathology - Tập 26 Số 4 - Trang 533-541 - 2016
J. Scott Miners, Jennifer C Palmer, Seth Love
AbstractThe earliest decline in cerebral perfusion in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is in the medial parietal cortex (precuneus). We have analyzed precuneus in post‐mortem tissue from 70 AD and 37 control brains to explore the pathophysiology of the hypoperfusion: the contribution of arteriolosclerotic small vessel disease (SVD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), an...... hiện toàn bộ
Chromosome Band 7q34 Deletions Resulting in KIAA1549‐BRAF and FAM131B‐BRAF Fusions in Pediatric Low‐Grade Gliomas
Brain Pathology - Tập 25 Số 2 - Trang 182-192 - 2015
Jacquelyn J. Roth, Mariarita Santi, Avrum N. Pollock, Brian Harding, Lucy B. Rorke‐Adams, Laura Tooke, Jaclyn A. Biegel
AbstractThe majority of pediatric low‐grade gliomas (LGGs) are characterized by constitutive activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway through various mechanisms including ... hiện toàn bộ
Creutzfeldt astrocytes may be seen in IDH‐wildtype glioblastoma and retain expression of DNA repair and chromatin binding proteins
Brain Pathology - Tập 28 Số 6 - Trang 1012-1019 - 2018
Leomar Y. Ballester, Zain Boghani, David S. Baskin, Gavin W. Britz, Randall J. Olsen, Gregory N. Fuller, Suzanne Z. Powell, Matthew D. Cykowski
AbstractAstrocytes with multiple micronuclei (“Creutzfeldt cells”) in a brain biopsy are classically associated with demyelinating disease. However, glioblastoma may also have prominent Creutzfeldt astrocytes, along with granular mitoses. Therefore, Creutzfeldt cells may raise the diagnostic dilemma of high‐grade glioma vs tumefactive demyelination. While cases of ...... hiện toàn bộ
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