Brain Pathology
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Paraneoplasia and Autoimmunologic Injury of the Nervous System: The Anti‐Hu Syndrome
Brain Pathology - Tập 3 Số 3 - Trang 199-212 - 1993
In recent years, antineuronal autoantibodies of varying antigenic specificity
have come to be associated with a number of paraneoplastic neurologic disorders.
Anti‐Hu is a polyclonal complement‐fixing IgG directed against a 35 to 40
kilodalton protein concentrated in the nuclei of neurons throughout the central
and peripheral neuraxes. Its elaboration at high titer in serum and
cerebrospinal fluid...
Brain Pathology - Tập 25 Số 4 - Trang 469-480 - 2015
AbstractTriggering receptor expressed by myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), a member of
the immunoglobulin superfamily, has anti‐inflammatory phagocytic function in
myeloid cells. Several studies have shown that TREM2 gene variant rs75932628‐T
increased the risks for Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease,
frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It has been suggested
that the risks...
SLC20A2 Deficiency in Mice Leads to Elevated Phosphate Levels in Cerbrospinal Fluid and Glymphatic Pathway‐Associated Arteriolar Calcification, and Recapitulates Human Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcification
Brain Pathology - Tập 27 Số 1 - Trang 64-76 - 2017
AbstractIdiopathic basal ganglia calcification is a brain calcification disorder
that has been genetically linked to autosomal dominant mutations in the
sodium‐dependent phosphate co‐transporter, SLC20A2. The mechanisms whereby
deficiency of Slc20a2 leads to basal ganglion calcification are unknown. In the
mouse brain, we found that Slc20a2 was expressed in tissues that produce and/or
regulate cer...
Brain Pathology - Tập 24 Số 4 - Trang 387-395 - 2014
AbstractPlatelet‐derived growth factors (PDGFs) are important mitogens for
various types of mesenchymal cells, and as such, they exert critical functions
during organogenesis in mammalian embryonic and early postnatal development.
Increased or ectopic PDGF activity may also cause or contribute to diseases such
as cancer and tissue fibrosis. Until recently, no loss‐of‐function (LOF)
mutations in PD...
Molecular Mechanisms of Developmental and Tumor Angiogenesis
Brain Pathology - Tập 4 Số 3 - Trang 207-218 - 1994
Angiogenesis, the sprouting of capillaries from preexisting vessels, is of
fundamental importance during embryonic development and is the principal process
by which the brain and certain other organs become vascularized. Angiogenesis
occurs during embryonic development but is almost absent in adult tissues.
Transient and tightly controlled (physiological) angiogenesis in adult tissues
occurs durin...
Mechanisms of Neuronal Death in Alzheimer's Disease
Brain Pathology - Tập 6 Số 4 - Trang 493-506 - 1996
Recent data in cell culture has shown that brain neurons are particularly
vulnerable to degeneration by apoptosis. Further the inducers that activate the
program (e.g. β‐amyloid, oxidatative damage, low energy metabolism) correspond
to conditions present in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. This suggests the
possibility that apoptosis may be one of the mechanisms contributing to neuronal
loss in...
Frequent In activation of CDKN2A and Rare Mutation of TP53 in PCNSL
Brain Pathology - Tập 8 Số 2 - Trang 263-276 - 1998
Twenty primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) from immunocompetent
patients (nineteen B‐cell lymphomas and one T‐cell lymphoma) were investigated
for genetic alterations and/or expression of the genes BCL2, CCND1, CDK4,
CDKN1A, CDKN2A, MDM2, MYC, RB1, REL, and TP53. The gene found to be altered most
frequently was CDKN2A. Eight tumors (40%) showed homozygous and two tumors (10%)
hemizygo...
Pathophysiology of Hypoperfusion of the Precuneus in Early A lzheimer's Disease
Brain Pathology - Tập 26 Số 4 - Trang 533-541 - 2016
AbstractThe earliest decline in cerebral perfusion in Alzheimer's disease (AD)
is in the medial parietal cortex (precuneus). We have analyzed precuneus in
post‐mortem tissue from 70 AD and 37 control brains to explore the
pathophysiology of the hypoperfusion: the contribution of arteriolosclerotic
small vessel disease (SVD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), and of the
vasoconstrictors endothe...
Chromosome Band 7q 34 Deletions Resulting in KIAA 1549‐BRAF and FAM 131B ‐BRAF Fusions in Pediatric Low‐Grade Gliomas
Brain Pathology - Tập 25 Số 2 - Trang 182-192 - 2015
AbstractThe majority of pediatric low‐grade gliomas (LGGs) are characterized by
constitutive activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway
through various mechanisms including BRAF mutations, inactivation of NF1, and
KIAA1549‐BRAF and FAM131B‐BRAF fusions. The KIAA1549‐BRAF fusion typically
results from a 2.0 Mb tandem duplication in chromosome band 7q34. In the present
study, ...
Creutzfeldt astrocytes may be seen in IDH‐wildtype glioblastoma and retain expression of DNA repair and chromatin binding proteins
Brain Pathology - Tập 28 Số 6 - Trang 1012-1019 - 2018
AbstractAstrocytes with multiple micronuclei (“Creutzfeldt cells”) in a brain
biopsy are classically associated with demyelinating disease. However,
glioblastoma may also have prominent Creutzfeldt astrocytes, along with granular
mitoses. Therefore, Creutzfeldt cells may raise the diagnostic dilemma of
high‐grade glioma vs tumefactive demyelination. While cases of glioblastoma
(GBM) with Creutzfel...
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