Biology Letters

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Environmental modulation of metabolic allometry in ornate rainbowfishRhadinocentrus ornatus
Biology Letters - Tập 6 Số 1 - Trang 136-138 - 2010
Fabián Vaca Chávez, Craig R. White
The nature of the relationship between the metabolic rate (MR) and body mass (M) of animals has been the source of controversy for over seven decades, with much of the focus on the value of the scaling exponentb, where MR is proportional toMb. While it is well known that MR does not generally scale isometrically (i.e.bis seldom equal to 1), the value ofbremains the subject of heated debate. In the... hiện toàn bộ
Three-dimensional molar enamel distribution and thickness in Australopithecus and Paranthropus
Biology Letters - Tập 4 Số 4 - Trang 406-410 - 2008
Anthony J. Olejniczak, Tanya M. Smith, Matthew M. Skinner, Frederick E. Grine, Robin N. M. Feeney, J. Francis Thackeray, Jean‐Jacques Hublin
Thick molar enamel is among the few diagnostic characters of hominins which are measurable in fossil specimens. Despite a long history of study and characterization of Paranthropus molars as relatively ‘hyper-thick’, only a few tooth fragments and controlled planes of section (designed to be proxies of whole-crown thickness) have been measured. Here, we measure molar enamel thickness in Australopi... hiện toàn bộ
Anthropogenic noise affects risk assessment and attention: the distracted prey hypothesis
Biology Letters - Tập 6 Số 4 - Trang 458-461 - 2010
Alvin Aaden Yim-Hol Chan, Paulina Giraldo-Perez, Sonja M. Smith, Daniel T. Blumstein
Many studies have focused on the effects of anthropogenic noise on animal communication, but only a few have looked at its effect on other behavioural systems. We designed a playback experiment to test the effect of noise on predation risk assessment. We found that in response to boat motor playback, Caribbean hermit crabs (Coenobita clypeatus) allowed a simulated predator to approach closer befor... hiện toàn bộ
Statistical ecology comes of age
Biology Letters - Tập 10 Số 12 - Trang 20140698 - 2014
Olivier Giménez, S. T. Buckland, Byron J. T. Morgan, Nicolas Bez, Sophie Bertrand, Rémi Choquet, Stéphane Dray, Pierre Vallois, Rachel M. Fewster, Frédéric Gosselin, Bastien Mérigot, Pascal Monestiez, Juan M. Morales, Frédéric Mortier, François Munoz, Otso Ovaskainen, Sandrine Pavoine, Roger Pradel, Frank M. Schurr, Len Thomas, Wilfried Thuiller, Verena M. Trenkel, Perry de Valpine, Eric A. Rexstad
The desire to predict the consequences of global environmental change has been the driver towards more realistic models embracing the variability and uncertainties inherent in ecology. Statistical ecology has gelled over the past decade as a discipline that moves away from describing patterns towards modelling the ecological processes that generate these patterns. Following the fourth Internationa... hiện toàn bộ
The predatory behaviour of the thylacine: Tasmanian tiger or marsupial wolf?
Biology Letters - Tập 7 Số 6 - Trang 937-940 - 2011
Borja Figueirido, Christine M. Janis
The extinct thylacine ( Thylacinus cynocephalus ) and the extant grey wolf ( Canis lupus ) are textbook examples of convergence between marsupials and placentals. Craniodental studies confirm the thylacine's carnivorous diet, but little attention has been paid to its postcranial skeleton, which would confirm or refute rare eyewitness reports of a more ambushing predatory mode than the pack-hunting... hiện toàn bộ
‘Disperse abroad in the land’: the role of wildlife in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance
Biology Letters - Tập 12 Số 8 - Trang 20160137 - 2016
Kathryn E. Arnold, Nicola Williams, Malcolm Bennett
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been detected in the microbiota of many wildlife species, including long-distance migrants. Inadequately treated wastes from humans and livestock dosed with antimicrobial drugs are often assumed to be the main sources of AMR to wildlife. While wildlife populations closely associated with human populations are more likely to harbour clinically important AMR relate... hiện toàn bộ
Validation of a rodent model of source memory
Biology Letters - Tập 10 Số 3 - Trang 20140064 - 2014
Jonathon D. Crystal, Wesley T. Alford
Source memory represents the origin (source) of information. Recently, we proposed that rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) remember the source of information. However, an alternative to source memory is the possibility that rats selectively encoded some, but not all, information rather than retrieving an episodic memory. We directly tested this ‘encoding failure’ hypothesis. Here, we show that rats rememb... hiện toàn bộ
Individual specialists in a generalist population: results from a long-term stable isotope series
Biology Letters - Tập 6 Số 5 - Trang 711-714 - 2010
Hannah B. Vander Zanden, Karen A. Bjorndal, Kimberly J. Reich, Alan B. Bolten
Individual variation in resource use has often been ignored in ecological studies, but closer examination of individual patterns through time may reveal significant intrapopulation differences. Adult loggerhead sea turtles ( Caretta caretta ) are generalist carnivores with a wide geographical range, resulting in a broad isotopic niche. We microsampled scute, a persistent and continuously growing t... hiện toàn bộ
The olfactory receptor gene repertoires in secondary-adapted marine vertebrates: evidence for reduction of the functional proportions in cetaceans
Biology Letters - Tập 3 Số 4 - Trang 428-430 - 2007
Takushi Kishida, Shin Kubota, Yoshihisa Shirayama, Hironobu Fukami
An olfactory receptor (OR) multigene family is responsible for the well-developed sense of smell possessed by terrestrial tetrapods. Mammalian OR genes had diverged greatly in the terrestrial environment after the fish–tetrapod split, indicating their importance to land habitation. In this study, we analysed OR genes of marine tetrapods (minke whaleBalaenoptera acutorostrata, dwarf sperm whaleKogi... hiện toàn bộ
Probing aggressive motivation in a cichlid fish
Biology Letters - Tập 5 Số 6 - Trang 762-764 - 2009
Gareth Arnott, Robert W. Elwood
The duration of startles provides an inverse measure of motivation to resume the previous activity. Here, we use a novel method in which one convict cichlid fish ( Amatitlania nigrofasciata ) of a competing pair was startled independently of the opponent. Fish were given various opponents and the mean startle duration determined. This mean was negatively correlated with the mean use of highly esca... hiện toàn bộ
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