Biology Letters

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Noise affects resource assessment in an invertebrate
Biology Letters - Tập 13 Số 4 - Trang 20170098 - 2017
Erin P. Walsh, Gareth Arnott, Hansjoerg P. Kunc
Anthropogenic noise is a global pollutant, affecting animals across taxa. However, how noise pollution affects resource acquisition is unknown. Hermit crabs (Pagurus bernhardus) engage in detailed assessment and decision-making when selecting a critical resource, their shell; this is crucial as individuals in poor shells suffer lower reproductive success and high...... hiện toàn bộ
Herbivore release through cascading risk effects
Biology Letters - Tập 5 Số 6 - Trang 773-776 - 2009
Martin H. Schmidt‐Entling, Eva Siegenthaler
Predators influence prey through consumption, and through trait-mediated effects such as emigration in response to predation risk (risk effects). We studied top-down effects of (sub-) adult wolf spiders (Lycosidae) on arthropods in a meadow. We compared risk effects with the overall top-down effect (including consumption) by gluing the chelicers of wolf spiders to prevent them from killing...... hiện toàn bộ
Cues of being watched enhance cooperation in a real-world setting
Biology Letters - Tập 2 Số 3 - Trang 412-414 - 2006
Melissa Bateson, Daniel Nettle, Gilbert Roberts
We examined the effect of an image of a pair of eyes on contributions to an honesty box used to collect money for drinks in a university coffee room. People paid nearly three times as much for their drinks when eyes were displayed rather than a control image. This finding provides the first evidence from a naturalistic setting of the importance of cues of being watched, and hence reputatio...... hiện toàn bộ
The olfactory receptor gene repertoires in secondary-adapted marine vertebrates: evidence for reduction of the functional proportions in cetaceans
Biology Letters - Tập 3 Số 4 - Trang 428-430 - 2007
Takushi Kishida, Shin Kubota, Yoshihisa Shirayama, Hironobu Fukami
An olfactory receptor (OR) multigene family is responsible for the well-developed sense of smell possessed by terrestrial tetrapods. Mammalian OR genes had diverged greatly in the terrestrial environment after the fish–tetrapod split, indicating their importance to land habitation. In this study, we analysed OR genes of marine tetrapods (minke whaleBalaenoptera acutorostrata... hiện toàn bộ
Frequency-dependent physiological trade-offs between competing colour morphs
Biology Letters - Tập 3 Số 5 - Trang 494-497 - 2007
Sarah R. Pryke, Lee B. Astheimer, William A. Buttemer, Simon C. Griffith
Evolutionary theory suggests that alternative colour morphs (i.e. genetically controlled phenotypes) may derive similar fitness under frequency-dependent selection. Here we experimentally demonstrate opposing effects of frequency-dependent social environments on plasma hormone levels (testosterone and corticosterone) and immune function between red- and black-headed male morph...... hiện toàn bộ
Steroid hormones in bluegill, a species with male alternative reproductive tactics including female mimicry
Biology Letters - Tập 3 Số 6 - Trang 628-632 - 2007
Rosemary Knapp, Bryan D. Neff
The proximate mechanisms underlying the evolution and maintenance of within-sex variation in mating behaviour are still poorly understood. Species characterized by alternative reproductive tactics provide ideal opportunities to investigate such mechanisms. Bluegill ( Lepomis macrochirus ) are noteworthy in this regard because ...... hiện toàn bộ
The oldest ionoscopiform from China sheds new light on the early evolution of halecomorph fishes
Biology Letters - Tập 10 Số 5 - Trang 20140204 - 2014
Guanghui Xu, Li-Jun Zhao, Michael I. Coates
The Halecomorphi are a major subdivision of the ray-finned fishes. Although living halecomorphs are represented solely by the freshwater bowfin, Amia calva , this clade has a rich fossil history, and the resolution of interrelationships among extinct members is central to the problem of understanding the origin of the Teleoste...... hiện toàn bộ
Animal personality as a cause and consequence of contest behaviour
Biology Letters - Tập 11 Số 3 - Trang 20141007 - 2015
Mark Briffa, Lynne U. Sneddon, Alastair J. Wilson
We review the evidence for a link between consistent among-individual variation in behaviour (animal personality) and the ability to win contests over limited resources. Explorative and bold behaviours often covary with contest behaviour and outcome, although there is evidence that the structure of these ‘behavioural syndromes' can change across situations. Aggression itself is typically r...... hiện toàn bộ
Individual consistency in flight initiation distances in burrowing owls: a new hypothesis on disturbance-induced habitat selection
Biology Letters - Tập 6 Số 2 - Trang 167-170 - 2010
Martina Carrete, José L. Tella
Individuals often consistently differ in personalities and behaviours that allow them to cope with environmental variation. Flight initiation distance (FID) has been measured in a variety of taxa as an estimate of the risk that an individual is willing to take when facing a predator. FID has been used to test life-history trade-offs related to anti-predatory behaviour and for conservation ...... hiện toàn bộ
Environmental modulation of metabolic allometry in ornate rainbowfishRhadinocentrus ornatus
Biology Letters - Tập 6 Số 1 - Trang 136-138 - 2010
Fabián Vaca Chávez, Craig R. White
The nature of the relationship between the metabolic rate (MR) and body mass (M) of animals has been the source of controversy for over seven decades, with much of the focus on the value of the scaling exponentb, where MR is proportional toMb. While it is well kn...... hiện toàn bộ
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