Annual Review of Medicine
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The Mechanisms of Action of PPARs ▪ Abstract The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of three nuclear receptor isoforms, PPARγ, PPARα, and PPARδ, encoded by different genes. PPARs are ligand-regulated transcription factors that control gene expression by binding to specific response elements (PPREs) within promoters. PPARs bind as heterodimers with a retinoid X receptor and, upon binding agoni... ...
Annual Review of Medicine - Tập 53 Số 1 - Trang 409-435 - 2002
Asthma Genetics: From Linear to Multifactorial Approaches Asthma risk has a clear hereditary component but, unexpectedly, the majority of reported associations between genetic variants and asthma have not been consistently replicated across studies. Methodological flaws have been indicated as a possible explanation for these inconsistencies. However, an alternative explanation is that the effects of genetic variants depend on other factors whose... ...
Annual Review of Medicine - Tập 59 Số 1 - Trang 327-341 - 2008
Toward a Comprehensive Set of Asthma Susceptibility Genes Epidemiological and twin studies have demonstrated that asthma is under genetic and environmental influences. Numerous candidate gene association studies as well as genome-wide linkage scans have followed, aiming to elucidate the genetic architecture underlying this complex disease. Several promising asthma susceptibility genes were identified, and a comprehensive catalogue of these genes... ...
Annual Review of Medicine - Tập 58 Số 1 - Trang 171-184 - 2007
Global Epidemiology of Influenza: Past and Present ▪ Abstract Pandemics are the most dramatic presentation of influenza. Three have occurred in the twentieth century: the 1918 H1N1 pandemic, the 1957 H2N2 pandemic, and the 1968 H3N2 pandemic. The tools of molecular epidemiology have been applied in an attempt to determine the origin of pandemic viruses and to understand what made them such successful pathogens. An excellent example of th... ...
Annual Review of Medicine - Tập 51 Số 1 - Trang 407-421 - 2000
GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE AND ITS ANALOGS ▪ Abstract GnRH and its analogues have led to exciting new avenues of therapy in virtually every subspecialty of internal medicine as well as in gynecology, pediatrics, and urology. Since their discovery in 1971, it has been demonstrated that GnRH and its analogues enable medical professionals to influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in two distinct classes of therapeutic app... ...
Annual Review of Medicine - Tập 45 Số 1 - Trang 391-405 - 1994
Aspirin in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer More than a century after its synthesis, daily aspirin, given at a low dose, is a milestone treatment for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Its role in primary prevention of CVD is still debated. Older randomized controlled trials showed that aspirin reduced the low incidence of myocardial infarction but correspondingly increased the low incidence of serious gastro... ...
Annual Review of Medicine - Tập 72 Số 1 - Trang 473-495 - 2021
ENDOTHELIAL-LEUKOCYTE ADHESION MOLECULES IN HUMAN DISEASE▪ Abstract An effective host response to infection or tissue damage requires focal accumulation of leukocytes. Leukocyte adhesion to the vessel wall, a key step in this process, depends on the ordered expression of specific endothelial cell surface molecules. The endothelial molecules that support adhesion include selectins that recognize leukocyte cell surface glycoconjugates as well as ... ...
Annual Review of Medicine - Tập 45 Số 1 - Trang 361-378 - 1994
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