ddPCR applied on archived Continuous Plankton Recorder samples reveals long‐term occurrence of class 1 integrons and a sulphonamide resistance gene in marine plankton communities

Environmental Microbiology Reports - Tập 10 Số 4 - Trang 458-464 - 2018
Andrea Di Cesare1, Sara Petrin2, Diego Fontaneto3, Carmen Losasso2, Ester M. Eckert3, Giovanni Tassistro1, Alessio Borello1, Antonia Ricci2, William H. Wilson4, Carla Pruzzo1, Luigi Vezzulli1
1Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
2O.U. Microbial Ecology, Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
3Microbial Ecology Group (MEG), National Research Council - Institute of Ecosystem Study (CNR-ISE), Verbania, Italy
4CPR Survey, Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, UK

Tóm tắt

SummaryAntibiotic resistance is a rising threat for human health. Although in clinical settings and terrestrial environments the rise of antibiotic resistant bacteria is well documented, their dissemination and spread in the marine environment, covering almost two‐thirds of the Earth's surface, is still poorly understood. In this study, the presence and abundance of sulphonamide resistance gene (sul2) and class 1 integron‐integrase gene (intI1), used as markers for the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes since the beginning of the antibiotic era, were investigated. Twenty‐nine archived formalin‐fixed samples, collected by the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey in the Atlantic Ocean and North Sea from 1970 to 2011, were analysed using Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) applied for the first time on CPR samples. The two marker genes were present in a large fraction of the samples (48% for sul2 and 76% for intI1). In contrast, results from Real‐Time PCR performed on the same samples greatly underestimate their occurrence (21% for sul2 and 52% for intI1). Overall, besides providing successful use of ddPCR for the molecular analysis of CPR samples, this study reveals long‐term occurrence and spread of sul2 gene and class 1 integrons in the plankton‐associated bacterial communities in the ocean.

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Environmental Microbiology Reports

Tập 10 Số 4

458-464

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