Worldwide vitamin D status

Lips, 2001, Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in the elderly: consequences for bone loss and fractures and therapeutic implications, Endocrine Reviews, 22, 477, 10.1210/er.22.4.477

McKenna, 1992, Differences in vitamin D status between countries in young adults and the elderly, American Journal of Medicine, 93, 69, 10.1016/0002-9343(92)90682-2

Lips, 2010, Worldwide status of vitamin D nutrition, The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 121, 297, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.02.021

Mithal, 2009, Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D, Osteoporosis International, 20, 1807, 10.1007/s00198-009-0954-6

Prentice, 2008, Vitamin D deficiency: a global perspective, Nutrition Review, 66, S153, 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00100.x

Kuchuk, 2009, Vitamin D status, parathyroid function, bone turnover, and BMD in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: global perspective, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 24, 693, 10.1359/jbmr.081209

Hagenau, 2009, Global vitamin D levels in relation to age, gender, skin pigmentation and latitude: an ecologic meta-regression analysis, Osteoporosis International, 20, 133, 10.1007/s00198-008-0626-y

Lips, 2001, A global study of vitamin D status and parathyroid function in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: baseline data from the multiple outcomes of raloxifene evaluation clinical trial, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 86, 1212, 10.1210/jc.86.3.1212

Holick, 2007, Vitamin D deficiency, The New England Journal of Medicine, 357, 266, 10.1056/NEJMra070553

Ross, 2011, The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: what clinicians need to know, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 96, 53, 10.1210/jc.2010-2704

Need, 2008, Vitamin D metabolites and calcium absorption in severe vitamin D deficiency, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 23, 1859, 10.1359/jbmr.080607

Lips, 1999, An international comparison of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurements, Osteoporosis International, 9, 394, 10.1007/s001980050162

Vogeser, 2010, Quantification of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 121, 565, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.02.025

Meyer, 2004, Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism and the association with bone mineral density in persons with Pakistani and Norwegian background living in Oslo, Norway, The Oslo Health Study, Bone, 35, 412, 10.1016/j.bone.2004.04.003

Melhus, 2010, Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and fracture risk in a community-based cohort of elderly men in Sweden, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 95, 2637, 10.1210/jc.2009-2699

Kauppi, 2009, Vitamin D status and common risk factors for bone fragility as determinants of quantitative ultrasound variables in a nationally representative population sample, Bone, 45, 119, 10.1016/j.bone.2009.03.659

Pekkarinen, 2010, Serum 25(OH)D3 vitamin status of elderly Finnish women is suboptimal even after summer sunshine but is not associated with bone density or turnover, European Journal of Endocrinology, 162, 183, 10.1530/EJE-09-0739

Khaw, 1992, Bone density parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in middle aged women, BMJ, 305, 273, 10.1136/bmj.305.6848.273

Andersen, 2005, Teenage girls and elderly women living in northern Europe have low winter vitamin D status, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 59, 533, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602108

van Schoor, 2008, Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for osteoporotic fractures, Bone, 42, 260, 10.1016/j.bone.2007.11.002

Boonen, 1997, Age-related (type II) femoral neck osteoporosis in men: biochemical evidence for both hypovitaminosis D- and androgen deficiency-induced bone resorption, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 12, 2119, 10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.12.2119

Woitge, 1998, Seasonal variation of biochemical indexes of bone turnover: results of a population-based study, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 83, 68, 10.1210/jc.83.1.68

Chapuy, 1997, Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in an adult normal population, Osteoporosis International, 7, 439, 10.1007/s001980050030

Burnand, 1992, Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D: distribution and determinants in the Swiss population, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 56, 537, 10.1093/ajcn/56.3.537

Quesada, 1989, Vitamin D status of elderly people in Spain, Age and Ageing, 18, 392, 10.1093/ageing/18.6.392

Bettica, 1999, High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among free-living postmenopausal women referred to an osteoporosis outpatient clinic in northern Italy for initial screening, Osteoporosis International, 9, 226, 10.1007/s001980050141

Challa, 2005, Breastfeeding and vitamin D status in Greece during the first 6 months of life, European Journal of Pediatrics, 164, 724, 10.1007/s00431-005-1757-1

Laktasic-Zerjavic, 2010, Vitamin D status, dependence on age, and seasonal variations in the concentration of vitamin D in Croatian postmenopausal women initially screened for osteoporosis, Clinical Rheumatology, 29, 861, 10.1007/s10067-010-1409-3

van der Wielen, 1995, Serum vitamin D concentrations among elderly people in Europe, Lancet, 346, 207, 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)91266-5

Alagol, 2000, Sunlight exposure and vitamin D deficiency in Turkish women, Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 23, 173, 10.1007/BF03343702

Atli, 2005, The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency and effects of ultraviolet light on Vitamin D levels in elderly Turkish population, Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 40, 53, 10.1016/j.archger.2004.05.006

Gannage-Yared, 2000, Hypovitaminosis D in a sunny country: relation to lifestyle and bone markers, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 15, 1856, 10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.9.1856

Mishal, 2001, Effects of different dress styles on vitamin D levels in healthy young Jordanian women, Osteoporosis International, 12, 931, 10.1007/s001980170021

Sedrani, 1983, Sunlight and vitamin D status in normal Saudi subjects, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 38, 129, 10.1093/ajcn/38.1.129

Hashemipour, 2004, Vitamin D deficiency and causative factors in the population of Tehran, BMC Public Health, 4, 38, 10.1186/1471-2458-4-38

Moussavi, 2005, Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Isfahani high school students in 2004, Hormone Research, 64, 144, 10.1159/000088588

Aspray, 2005, Parathyroid hormone and rates of bone formation are raised in perimenopausal rural Gambian women, Bone, 36, 710, 10.1016/j.bone.2005.01.002

M’Buyamba-Kabangu, 1987, Calcium, vitamin D-endocrine system, and parathyroid hormone in black and white males, Calcified Tissue International, 41, 70, 10.1007/BF02555247

Friis, 2008, Hypovitaminosis D is common among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Tanzania but is not explained by the acute phase response, Journal of Nutrition, 138, 2474, 10.3945/jn.108.094979

Wejse, 2009, Vitamin D as supplementary treatment for tuberculosis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 179, 843, 10.1164/rccm.200804-567OC

Haarburger, 2009, Relationship between vitamin D, calcium and parathyroid hormone in Cape Town, Journal of Clinical Pathology, 62, 567, 10.1136/jcp.2008.062877

Mehta, 2009, Perinatal outcomes, including mother-to-child transmission of HIV, and child mortality and their association with maternal vitamin D status in Tanzania, Journal of Infectious Diseases, 200, 1022, 10.1086/605699

Meddeb, 2005, Vitamin D deficiency in Tunisia, Osteoporosis International, 16, 180, 10.1007/s00198-004-1658-6

Bakhtiyarova, 2006, Vitamin D status among patients with hip fracture and elderly control subjects in Yekaterinburg, Russia, Osteoporosis International, 17, 441, 10.1007/s00198-005-0006-9

Fraser, 2004, Vitamin D-deficiency in Asia, The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 89-90, 491, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.03.057

Sachan, 2005, High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women and their newborns in northern India, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 81, 1060, 10.1093/ajcn/81.5.1060

Arya, 2004, Vitamin D status and its relationship with bone mineral density in healthy Asian Indians, Osteoporosis International, 15, 56, 10.1007/s00198-003-1491-3

Harinarayan, 2005, Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in postmenopausal south Indian women, Osteoporosis International, 16, 397, 10.1007/s00198-004-1703-5

Rahman, 2004, Vitamin D status among postmenopausal Malaysian women, Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 13, 255

Nakamura, 2001, Low serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in young adult Japanese women: a cross sectional study, Nutrition, 17, 921, 10.1016/S0899-9007(01)00662-1

Ono, 2005, Seasonal changes of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and intact parathyroid hormone levels in a normal Japanese population, Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, 23, 147, 10.1007/s00774-004-0553-8

Nakamura, 2006, Vitamin D insufficiency in Japanese populations: from the viewpoint of the prevention of osteoporosis, Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, 24, 1, 10.1007/s00774-005-0637-0

Flicker, 2003, Serum vitamin D and falls in older women in residential care in Australia, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51, 1533, 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51510.x

Lucas, 2005, Determinants of vitamin D status in older women living in a subtropical climate, Osteoporosis International, 16, 1641, 10.1007/s00198-005-1888-2

Bolland, 2006, Determinants of vitamin D status in older men living in a subtropical climate, Osteoporosis International, 17, 1742, 10.1007/s00198-006-0190-2

van der Mei, 2007, The high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency across Australian populations is only partly explained by season and latitude, Environmental Health Perspectives, 115, 1132, 10.1289/ehp.9937

Heere, 2010, Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration of Indigenous-Fijian and Fijian-Indian women, Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 19, 43

Vu, 2011, Serum vitamin d levels in office workers in a subtropical climate, Photochemistry and Photobiology, 87, 714, 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00899.x

Rockell, 2008, Vitamin D insufficiency in New Zealanders during the winter is associated with higher parathyroid hormone concentrations: implications for bone health?, The New Zealand Medical Journal, 121, 75

Lappe, 2006, Vitamin D status in a rural postmenopausal female population, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 25, 395, 10.1080/07315724.2006.10719551

Egan, 2008, Vitamin D insufficiency among African-Americans in the southeastern United States: implications for cancer disparities (United States), Cancer Causes and Control, 19, 527, 10.1007/s10552-008-9115-z

Genuis, 2009, Vitamin D status of clinical practice populations at higher latitudes: analysis and applications, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 6, 151, 10.3390/ijerph6010151

Orwoll, 2009, Vitamin D deficiency in older men, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 94, 1214, 10.1210/jc.2008-1784

Ensrud, 2010, Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and frailty status in older women, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 95, 5266, 10.1210/jc.2010-2317

Jassal, 2010, Vitamin d, parathyroid hormone, and cardiovascular mortality in older adults: the Rancho Bernardo study, American Journal of Medicine, 123, 1114, 10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.07.013

Langlois, 2010, Vitamin D status of Canadians as measured in the 2007 to 2009 Canadian health Measures Survey, Health Reports, 21, 47

Forrest, 2011, Prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency in US adults, Nutrition Research, 31, 48, 10.1016/j.nutres.2010.12.001

Ginde, 2009, Demographic differences and trends of vitamin D insufficiency in the US population, 1988-2004, Archives of Internal Medicine, 169, 626, 10.1001/archinternmed.2008.604

Oliveri, 2004, High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in healthy elderly people living at home in Argentina, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 58, 337, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601786

Saraiva, 2005, Influence of ultraviolet radiation on the production of 25 hydroxyvitamin D in the elderly population in the city of Sao Paulo (23 degrees 34’S), Brazil, Osteoporosis International, 16, 1649, 10.1007/s00198-005-1895-3

Gonzalez, 2007, High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Chilean healthy postmenopausal women with normal sun exposure: additional evidence for a worldwide concern, Menopause, 14, 455, 10.1097/GME.0b013e31802c54c0

Sud, 2010, Older Mayan residents of the western highlands of Guatemala lack sufficient levels of vitamin D, Nutrition Research, 30, 739, 10.1016/j.nutres.2010.10.003

Ginde, 2010, Vitamin D insufficiency in pregnant and nonpregnant women of childbearing age in the United States, American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 202, 436, 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.11.036

Bodnar, 2007, High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in black and white pregnant women residing in the northern United States and their neonates, Journal of Nutrition, 137, 447, 10.1093/jn/137.2.447

Bowyer, 2009, Vitamin D, PTH and calcium levels in pregnant women and their neonates, Clinical Endocrinology (Oxf), 70, 372, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03316.x

Mansbach, 2009, Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels among US children aged 1 to 11 years: do children need more vitamin D?, Pediatrics, 124, 1404, 10.1542/peds.2008-2041

Elizondo-Montemayor, 2009, Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentration, life factors and obesity in Mexican children, Obesity (Silver Spring)

Munns, 2006, Prevention and treatment of infant and childhood vitamin D deficiency in Australia and New Zealand: a consensus statement, The Medical Journal of Australia, 185, 268, 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00558.x

Toss, 1980, Vitamin D deficiency in welfare institutions for the aged, Acta Medica Scandinavica, 208, 87, 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1980.tb01157.x

McKenna, 1985, Hypovitaminosis D and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase in elderly Irish people, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 41, 101, 10.1093/ajcn/41.1.101

Portela, 2010, Comparative 25-OH-vitamin D level in institutionalized women older than 65 years from two cities in Spain and Argentina having a similar solar radiation index, Nutrition, 26, 283, 10.1016/j.nut.2009.04.022

van der Meer, 2010, Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Turkish, Moroccan, Indian and sub-Sahara African populations in Europe and their countries of origin: an overview, Osteoporosis International

McGillivray, 2007, High prevalence of asymptomatic vitamin D and iron deficiency in East African immigrant children and adolescents living in a temperate climate, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 92, 1088, 10.1136/adc.2006.112813

Wishart, 2007, Vitamin D deficiency in a multinational refugee population, Internal Medicine Journal, 37, 792, 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2007.01385.x

van der Meer, 2008, Fatty fish and supplements are the greatest modifiable contributors to the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in a multiethnic population, Clinical Endocrinology (Oxf), 68, 466, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.03066.x

van der Meer, 2006, High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant non-Western women in The Hague, Netherlands, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 84, 350, 10.1093/ajcn/84.2.350