Word-level prosody in Balsas Nahuatl: The origin, development, and acoustic correlates of tone in a stress accent language

Abramson, 2004, The plausibility of phonetic explanations in tonogenesis, 17 Amith, J. D. Tone and tonogenesis in Balsas Nahuatl: Accentual patterns from coda *h. Unpublished manuscript. Amith, 1995, The history of the Balsas River basin Nahuatl communities, 129 Amith, 2005 Andrews, 1975 Beckman, 1986 Beller, 1979, Huasteca Nahuatl, 199 Berinstein, A. E. (1979). A cross-linguistic study on the perception of and production of stress. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics, 47. Boas, 1917, El dialecto mexicano de Pochutla, Oaxaca, International Journal of American Linguistics, 1, 9, 10.1086/463709 Boersma, P., & Weenink, D. (2005). Praat: Doing phonetics by computer (version 4.3.36) [Computer program]. Retrieved December 11, 2005, from 〈http://www.praat.org/〉. Brewer, 1971 Brockway, E. (1979). North Puebla Nahuatl. In: R.W. Langacker (Ed.), Studies in Uto-Aztecan grammar, Vol. 2: Modern Aztec grammatical sketches (pp. 141–198). Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics; Arlington: University of Texas at Arlington. Brockway, 2000 Bruce, 1977 Clark, 1988, An accentual analysis of the Zulu noun, 51 Clements, 1979, Kikuyu tone shift and its synchronic consequences, Linguistic Inquiry, 10, 179 Everett, 1998, The acoustic correlates of stress in Pirahã, Journal of Amazonian Linguistics, 1, 104 Fant, 1960 Fry, 1955, Duration and intensity as physical correlates of linguistic stress, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 27, 765, 10.1121/1.1908022 Gauffin, 1989, Spectral correlates of glottal voice source waveform characteristics, Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 32, 556, 10.1044/jshr.3203.556 Gordon, 2001, Phonation types: A cross-linguistic overview, Journal of Phonetics, 29, 383, 10.1006/jpho.2001.0147 Glave, 1975, Is the effort dependence of speech loudness explicable on the basis of acoustical cues?, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 58, 875, 10.1121/1.380737 Graden, 1966, Consonantal tone in Jeh phonemics, The Mon Khmer Studies Journal, 2, 41 Gussenhoven, 2004 Hanson, 1997, Glottal characteristics of female speakers: Acoustic correlates, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 101, 466, 10.1121/1.417991 Hanson, 2001, Towards models of phonation, Journal of Phonetics, 29, 451, 10.1006/jpho.2001.0146 Hanson, 1999, Glottal characteristic of male speakers: Acoustic correlates and comparison with female data, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 106, 1064, 10.1121/1.427116 Haraguchi, 1988, Pitch accent and intonation in Japanese, 123 Hayes, 1995 Holmberg, 1995, Comparisons among aerodynamic, electroglottographic, and acoustic spectral measures of female voice, Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 38, 1212, 10.1044/jshr.3806.1212 Hombert, 1979, Phonetic explanations for the development of tones, Language, 55, 37, 10.2307/412518 Hyman, 2006, Word-prosodic typology, Phonology, 23, 225, 10.1017/S0952675706000893 Ladd, 1996 Lastra de Suárez, 1981, Stress in modern Nahuatl dialects, Vol. 18, 119 Liénard, 1999, Effect of vocal effort on spectral properties of vowels, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 106, 411, 10.1121/1.428140 Lindblom, B., & Rapp, K. (1973). Some temporal regularities of spoken Swedish. Papers from the Institute of Linguistics, 21, University of Stockholm. Manaster-Ramer, 1986, Genesis of Hopi tones, International Journal of American Linguistics, 52, 154, 10.1086/466010 Martin, 2002, An acoustic study of “tonal accent” in Creek, International Journal of American Linguistics, 68, 28, 10.1086/466478 Matisoff, 1973, Tonogenesis in Southeast Asia, 71 Munro, 1977, Towards a reconstruction of Uto-Aztecan stress, 303 Nooteboom, S. G. (1972). The production and perception of vowel duration. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Utrecht. Ohala, 1973, The physiology of tone, 1 Ohala, 1993, The phonetics of sound change, 237 Pierrehumbert, J. B. (1980). The phonology and phonetics of English intonation. Doctoral Dissertation, Massachusetts Institution of Technology. Pierrehumbert, 1988 Pike, 1986, Tone contrasts in Central Carrier (Athapaskan), International Journal of American Linguistics, 52, 411, 10.1086/466032 Ramírez de Alejandro, 1979, Vol. 25 Remijsen, 2002, Lexically contrastive stress accent and lexical tone in Ma’ya, Vol. 7, 585 Remijsen, 2005, Stress, tone and discourse prominence in the Curaçao dialect of Papiamentu, Phonology, 22, 205, 10.1017/S0952675705000540 Shaul, 2000, Comparative Tepiman: Phonological change and inflectional categories, 319 Sischo, W. (1979). Michoacán Nahuatl. In R.W. Langacker (Ed.), Studies in Uto-Aztecan grammar, Vol. 2: Modern Aztec grammatical sketches (pp. 307–380). Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics; Arlington: University of Texas at Arlington. Sluijter, 1996, Spectral balance as an acoustic correlate of linguistic stress, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 100, 2471, 10.1121/1.417955 Sluijter, A., & van Heuven, V. J. (1996b). Acoustic correlates of linguistic stress and accent in Dutch and American English. In Proceedings of the fourth international conference on spoken language, Vol. 2, Philadelphia (pp. 630–633). Sluijter, 1997, Spectral balance as a cue in the perception of linguistic stress, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 101, 503, 10.1121/1.417994 Suomi, 2004, On durational correlates of word stress in Finnish, Journal of Phonetics, 32, 35, 10.1016/S0095-4470(03)00005-6 Stevens, 1995, Classification of glottal vibration from acoustic measurements, 147 Svantesson, 2001, Tonogenesis in Southeast Asia—Mon-Khmer and beyond, 45 Thongkum, 1988, Phonation types in Mon-Khmer languages, 319 Thurgood, 2002, Vietnamese and tonogenesis: Revising the model and the analysis, Diachronica, 19, 333, 10.1075/dia.19.2.04thu Tuggy, 1979, Tetelcingo Nahuatl, 1 Van der Hulst, 1988, The variety of pitch accent systems: Introduction, ix Wayland, 2005, Sound changes following the loss of /r/ in Khmer: A new tonogenetic mechanism?, Mon-Khmer Studies, 35, 55 Wolgemuth, C. (2002). Gramática náhuatl (mela’tájtol) de los municipios de Mecayapan y Tatahuicapan de Juárez, Veracruz. 2a edition. Mexico City, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano.