Winners take all: competition for carbon resource determines grain fate

Stephenson, 1981, Flower and fruit abortion: proximate causes and ultimate functions, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 12, 253, 10.1146/annurev.es.12.110181.001345 Chen, 2022, Convergent selection of a WD40 protein that enhances grain yield in maize and rice, Science, 375, eabg7985, 10.1126/science.abg7985 Shen, 2018, Delayed pollination and low availability of assimilates are major factors causing maize kernel abortion, J. Exp. Bot., 69, 1599, 10.1093/jxb/ery013 Shen, 2020, Intervening in sibling competition for assimilates by controlled pollination prevents seed abortion under postpollination drought in maize, Plant Cell Environ., 43, 903, 10.1111/pce.13704 Ruan, 2012, Molecular regulation of seed and fruit set, Trends Plant Sci., 17, 656, 10.1016/j.tplants.2012.06.005 Ruan, 2021, CWIN-sugar transporter nexus is a key component for reproductive success, J. Plant Physiol., 268 Zhang, 2021, Spike growth affects spike fertility through the number of florets with green anthers before floret abortion in wheat, Field Crops Res., 260, 10.1016/j.fcr.2020.108007 Mohapatra, 2011, Physiology of spikelet development on the rice panicle: is manipulation of apical dominance crucial for grain yield improvement?, Adv. Agron., 110, 333, 10.1016/B978-0-12-385531-2.00005-0 Sinclair, 2006, Grain number, wheat yield, and bottling beer: an analysis, Field Crops Res., 98, 60, 10.1016/j.fcr.2005.12.006 Shen, 2022, A transcriptional landscape underlying sugar import for grain set in maize, Plant J., 110, 228, 10.1111/tpj.15668 Liao, 2020, Cell wall invertase is essential for ovule development through sugar signaling rather than provision of carbon, Plant Physiol., 183, 1126, 10.1104/pp.20.00400 Guan, 2015, A time and a place for sugar in your ears, Nat. Biotechnol., 33, 827, 10.1038/nbt.3315 Ashikari, 2005, Cytokinin oxidase regulates rice grain production, Science, 309, 741, 10.1126/science.1113373 Huang, 2009, Natural variation at the DEP1 locus enhances grain yield in rice, Nat. Genet., 41, 494, 10.1038/ng.352 Olsen, 2020, The modular control of cereal endosperm development, Trends Plant Sci., 25, 279, 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.12.003 Simaskova, 2022, KIL1 terminates fertility in maize by controlling silk senescence, Plant Cell, 34, 2852, 10.1093/plcell/koac151 Shen, 2020, The equilibrium between sugars and ethylene is involved in shading- and drought-induced kernel abortion in maize, Plant Growth Regul., 91, 101, 10.1007/s10725-020-00590-8 Offler, 2003, Transfer cells: cells specialized for a special purpose, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 54, 431, 10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.031902.134812 Cheng, 1996, The miniature1 seed locus of maize encodes a cell wall invertase required for normal development of endosperm and maternal cells in the pedicel, Plant Cell, 8, 971, 10.2307/3870209 Thiel, 2012, Differentiation of endosperm transfer cells of barley: a comprehensive analysis at the micro-scale, Plant J., 71, 639, 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2012.05018.x Zheng, 2011, Contrast observation and investigation of wheat endosperm transfer cells and nucellar projection transfer cells, Plant Cell Rep., 30, 1281, 10.1007/s00299-011-1039-5 Chen, 2012, Sucrose efflux mediated by SWEET proteins as a key step for phloem transport, Science, 335, 207, 10.1126/science.1213351 Fei, 2021, OsSWEET14 cooperates with OsSWEET11 to contribute to grain filling in rice, Plant Sci., 306, 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110851 Li, 2022, Impaired SWEET-mediated sugar transportation impacts starch metabolism in developing rice seeds, The Crop J., 10, 98, 10.1016/j.cj.2021.04.012 Yang, 2018, SWEET11 and 15 as key players in seed filling in rice, New Phytol., 218, 604, 10.1111/nph.15004 Ma, 2017, Essential role of sugar transporter OsSWEET11 during the early stage of rice grain filling, Plant Cell Physiol., 58, 863, 10.1093/pcp/pcx040 Sosso, 2015, Seed filling in domesticated maize and rice depends on SWEET-mediated hexose transport, Nat. Genet., 47, 1489, 10.1038/ng.3422 Yang, 2022, The sugar transporter ZmSUGCAR1 of the nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family is critical for maize grain filling, Plant Cell, 34, 4232, 10.1093/plcell/koac256 Radchuk, 2021, Grain filling in barley relies on developmentally controlled programmed cell death, Commun. Biol., 4, 428, 10.1038/s42003-021-01953-1 Guendel, 2018, Micro imaging displays the sucrose landscape within and along its allocation pathways, Plant Physiol., 178, 1448, 10.1104/pp.18.00947 Lim, 2020, Overexpression of HvCslF6 in barley grain alters carbohydrate partitioning plus transfer tissue and endosperm development, J. Exp. Bot., 71, 138, 10.1093/jxb/erz407 Eom, 2015, SWEETs, transporters for intracellular and intercellular sugar translocation, Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 25, 53, 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.04.005 Chen, 2015, A cascade of sequentially expressed sucrose transporters in the seed coat and endosperm provides nutrition for the Arabidopsis embryo, Plant Cell, 27, 607, 10.1105/tpc.114.134585 Scofield, 2007, Involvement of the sucrose transporter, OsSUT1, in the long-distance pathway for assimilate transport in rice, J. Exp. Bot., 58, 3155, 10.1093/jxb/erm153 Radchuk, 2017, Down-regulation of the sucrose transporters HvSUT1 and HvSUT2 affects sucrose homeostasis along its delivery path in barley grains, J. Exp. Bot., 68, 4595, 10.1093/jxb/erx266 Wang, 2008, Control of rice grain-filling and yield by a gene with a potential signature of domestication, Nat. Genet., 40, 1370, 10.1038/ng.220 Zinselmeier, 1999, Starch and the control of kernel number in maize at low water potentials, Plant Physiol., 121, 25, 10.1104/pp.121.1.25 Hu, 2022, Sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 1 regulates sheath-to-panicle transport of non-structural carbohydrates during rice grain filling, Plant Physiol., 189, 1694, 10.1093/plphys/kiac124 Li, 2013, Constitutive expression of cell wall invertase genes increases grain yield and starch content in maize, Plant Biotechnol. J., 11, 1080, 10.1111/pbi.12102 Liu, 2016, Cell wall invertase promotes fruit set under heat stress by suppressing ROS-independent plant cell death, Plant Physiol., 172, 163, 10.1104/pp.16.00959 Wang, 2012, New insights into roles of cell wall invertase in early seed development revealed by comprehensive spatial and temporal expression patterns of GhCWIN1 in cotton, Plant Physiol., 160, 777, 10.1104/pp.112.203893 Palmer, 2015, Tomato ovary-to-fruit transition is characterized by a spatial shift of mRNAs for cell wall invertase and its inhibitor with the encoded proteins localized to sieve elements, Mol. Plant, 8, 315, 10.1016/j.molp.2014.12.019 Shen, 2019, Cell wall invertase and sugar transporters are differentially activated in tomato styles and ovaries during pollination and fertilization, Front. Plant Sci., 10, 506, 10.3389/fpls.2019.00506 Li, 2021, Identification of transcription factors controlling cell wall invertase gene expression for reproductive development via bioinformatic and transgenic analyses, Plant J., 106, 1058, 10.1111/tpj.15218 Xu, 2018, Regulation of sucrose transporters and phloem loading in response to environmental cues, Plant Physiol., 176, 930, 10.1104/pp.17.01088 Koch, 2004, Sucrose metabolism: regulatory mechanisms and pivotal roles in sugar sensing and plant development, Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 7, 235, 10.1016/j.pbi.2004.03.014 Mclaughlin, 2004, Glucose localization in maize ovaries when kernel number decreases at low water potential and sucrose is fed to the stems, Ann. Bot., 94, 75, 10.1093/aob/mch123 Wang, 2013, Regulation of cell division and expansion by sugar and auxin signaling, Front. Plant Sci., 4, 163, 10.3389/fpls.2013.00163 Cardel, 2022, Locations of seed abortion in response to defoliation differ with pollen source in a native perennial legume herb, Am. J. Bot., 109, 1730, 10.1002/ajb2.16055 Rocha, 1991, Effects of nonrandom seed abortion on progeny performance in Phaseolus coccineus L, Evolution, 45, 1198 Guo, 2015, Variance components, heritability and correlation analysis of anther and ovary size during the floral development of bread wheat, J. Exp. Bot., 66, 3099, 10.1093/jxb/erv117 Baillot, 2018, Different grain-filling rates explain grain-weight differences along the wheat ear, PLoS One, 13, 10.1371/journal.pone.0209597 Li, 2022, Mixing trait-based corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars increases yield through pollination synchronization and increased cross-fertilization, The Crop J., 11, 291, 10.1016/j.cj.2022.05.007 Uribelarrea, 2008, Enhanced kernel set promoted by synchronous pollination determines a tradeoff between kernel number and kernel weight in temperate maize hybrids, Field Crops Res., 105, 172, 10.1016/j.fcr.2007.09.002 Oury, 2015, Ovary apical abortion under water deficit is caused by changes in sequential development of ovaries and in silk growth rate in maize, Plant Physiol., 171, 986 Luo, 2021, Removal of superior wheat kernels promotes filling of inferior kernels by changing carbohydrate metabolism and sink strength, Crop J., 9, 1375, 10.1016/j.cj.2020.12.012 Wolde, 2019, Inferring vascular architecture of the wheat spikelet based on resource allocation in the branched head near isogenic lines, Funct. Plant Biol., 46, 1023, 10.1071/FP19041 Ruan, 2014, Sucrose metabolism: gateway to diverse carbon use and sugar signaling, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 65, 33, 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050213-040251 Ru, 2017, Transcriptomic and metabolomics responses to elevated cell wall invertase activity during tomato fruit set, J. Exp. Bot., 68, 4263, 10.1093/jxb/erx219 Ortega, 2004, Effective pollination period in almond cultivars, Hort. Sci., 39, 19 Rogers, 2013, From models to ornamentals: how is flower senescence regulated? Plant Mol, Biol., 82, 563 Gao, 2018, KIRA1 and ORESARA1 terminate flower receptivity by promoting cell death in the stigma of Arabidopsis, Nat. Plants, 4, 365, 10.1038/s41477-018-0160-7 Zanor, 2009, RNA interference of LIN5 in tomato confirms its role in controlling Brix content, uncovers the influence of sugars on the levels of fruit hormones, and demonstrates the importance of sucrose cleavage for normal fruit development and fertility, Plant Physiol., 150, 1204, 10.1104/pp.109.136598 Guo, 2022, Mechanism of fertilization-induced auxin synthesis in the endosperm for seed and fruit development, Nat. Commun., 13, 3985, 10.1038/s41467-022-31656-y Dorcey, 2009, Fertilization-dependent auxin response in ovules triggers fruit development through the modulation of gibberellin metabolism in Arabidopsis, Plant J., 58, 318, 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03781.x Li, 2017, Molecular regulation of sucrose catabolism and sugar transport for development, defence and phloem function, J. Integr. Plant Biol., 59, 322, 10.1111/jipb.12539 Paul, 2018, The role of trehalose 6-phosphate in crop yield and resilience, Plant Physiol., 177, 12, 10.1104/pp.17.01634 Gómez, 2006, Delayed embryo development in the ARABIDOPSIS TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 1 mutant is associated with altered cell wall structure, decreased cell division and starch accumulation, Plant J., 46, 69, 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02662.x Zhang, 2009, Inhibition of SNF1-related protein kinase1 activity and regulation of metabolic pathways by trehalose-6-phosphate, Plant Physiol., 149, 1860, 10.1104/pp.108.133934 Liang, 2020, Differential ear growth of two maize varieties to shading in the field environment: effects on whole plant carbon allocation and sugar starvation response, J. Plant Physiol., 251, 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153194 Bledsoe, 2017, The role of Tre6P and SnRK1 in maize early kernel development and events leading to stress-induced kernel abortion, BMC Plant Biol., 17, 74, 10.1186/s12870-017-1018-2 Batista, 2019, Auxin regulates endosperm cellularization in Arabidopsis, Genes Dev., 33, 466, 10.1101/gad.316554.118