Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Trang Trại Gió và Sự Tham Gia Cộng Đồng ở Úc: Phân Tích Phê Bình cho Việc Học Tập Chính Sách
Tóm tắt
Vào cuối năm 2007, sau khi ký Nghị định thư Kyoto, một chính phủ liên bang Úc mới đã cam kết sản xuất 20% điện năng của Úc từ năng lượng tái tạo vào năm 2020, nhằm chuyển đổi sang nền kinh tế thấp carbon. Dù năng lượng gió là công nghệ khả thi nhất cho sự mở rộng này, nhưng ít chú ý đến sự xung đột xã hội gay gắt xung quanh việc lựa chọn địa điểm cho các trang trại gió. Đến năm 2006, việc tham gia cộng đồng chưa đủ đã trở thành vấn đề quản trị chính yếu ảnh hưởng đến nhiều vấn đề mà các cộng đồng địa phương phải đối mặt khi có triển vọng tiếp nhận trang trại gió. Tất cả các chính phủ Úc đều thừa nhận đây là một vấn đề cần giải quyết để đảm bảo hiệu quả cho quá trình chuyển đổi năng lượng tái tạo; các phản ứng chính sách hiện tại liên quan đến sự tham gia của cộng đồng được phân tích để đánh giá tính đầy đủ của chúng trong bối cảnh tính hợp pháp và công bằng dân chủ, cùng với các vấn đề của các cộng đồng địa phương dựa trên vị trí. Phân tích được thông tin hóa bởi sự học hỏi chính sách so sánh qua các khu vực pháp lý, đề cập đến các phát triển tham gia của châu Âu; phân tích chính sách của các phản ứng chính sách chính phủ Úc hiện tại; và phân tích tường thuật trước đó về các lý trí hành vi (những niềm tin, thái độ và nhận thức cơ bản) ảnh hưởng đến những yêu cầu và hành động bảo vệ địa phương liên quan đến việc lựa chọn địa điểm cho các trang trại gió từ các bên liên quan địa phương dẫn đầu trong cuộc chiến chống lại các trang trại gió: các nhóm bảo vệ cảnh quan. Kết luận cho thấy rằng các phản ứng chính sách hiện tại liên quan đến sự tham gia của cộng đồng, mà khuyến khích một cách tiếp cận tham gia thông báo-tư vấn chủ yếu, là không đủ. Một cách tiếp cận nhiều triển vọng hơn là cách tiếp cận hợp tác, có thể hỗ trợ cả việc lập bản đồ xã hội của các yêu cầu và ranh giới của cộng đồng địa phương về vị trí của trang trại gió bên cạnh việc lập bản đồ kỹ thuật các nguồn gió. Điều này là cần thiết để xác định những địa điểm có tính khả thi xã hội, kinh tế và kỹ thuật cao nhất để đặt các trang trại gió nhằm đảm bảo quá trình chuyển đổi năng lượng tái tạo hiệu quả.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Arnstein, S. (1969). A ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Planning Association, 35(4), 216–224.
Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (2010). Australian energy resource assessment. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
Babbage, J. (2010). Wind farms: Generating power and jobs? BBC News, 8 January. Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8443865.stm. Accessed on 12 Feb 2010.
Barnes, M., Newman, J., Knops, A., & Sullivan, H. (2003). Constituting 'the public' in public participation. Public Administration, 81(2), 379–399.
Beierle, T., & Konisky, D. (2000). Values, conflict, and trust in participatory environmental planning. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 19(4), 587–602.
Bell, D., Gray, T., & Haggett, C. (2005). The ‘social gap’ in wind farm siting decisions: Explanations and policy responses. Environmental Politics, 14(4), 460–477.
Bunting, A. (2004). Opposition to wind power: Can it be a catalyst for improving public understanding of energy usage? (Technologies, Publics and Power Conference). Christchurch: University of Canterbury.
Bunting, A., & Jenkins, N. (2002). Environmental conflicts: The Portland wind farm debate (Paper presented at the Environment, Culture and Community Conference). Brisbane: University of Queensland.
Campbell, I. (2006). Campbell calls for national wind farm agreement, media release, 31 March. Canberra, Department of Environment and Heritage, Commonwealth Government of Australia.
Cantrill, J., & Senecah, S. (2001). Using the ‘sense of self-in-place’ construct in the context of environmental policy-making and landscape planning. Environmental Science & Policy, 4, 185–203.
Cavaye, J. (2004). Governance and community engagement: The Australian experience. In W. Lovan, M. Murray, & R. Shaffer (Eds.), Participatory governance: Planning, conflict mediation and public decision making in civil society (pp. 85–102). UK: Ashgate.
Chen, D.-S., & Deng, C.-Y. (2007). Interaction between citizens and experts in public deliberation: A case study of consensus conferences in conferences in Taiwan. East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal, 1, 77–97.
Chen, D.-S., & Wu, C.-L. (2007). Introduction: public participation in science and technology in East Asia. East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal, 1, 15–18.
Clark, F., & Illman, D. (2001). Dimensions of civic science: Introductory essay. Science Communication, 23(1), 5–27.
Cohen, I. (2009). Inquiry into rural wind farms, media release, 16 December, NSW Legislative Council: General Purpose Standing Committee No. 5.
Colclough, G., & Sitaraman. (2005). Community and social capital: What is the difference? Sociological Inquiry, 75(4), 474–496.
Connelly, S., & Richardson, T. (2004). Exclusions: The necessary difference between ideal and practical consensus. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 47(1), 3–17.
Dalton & Dalton (1975). Community and its relevance to Australian society: An examination of the sociological definition. Prepared for the Department of Tourism and Recreation by Dalton and Dalton, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
Devine-Wright, P. (2005). Beyond NIMBYism: Towards an integrated framework for understanding public perceptions of wind energy. Wind Energy, 8, 125–139.
Devine-Wright, P. (2009). Rethinking NIMBYism: The role of place attachment and place identity in explaining place–protection action. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 19(6), 426–441.
Devlin, E. (2002). Factors affecting public acceptance of wind turbines in Sweden. Sweden: Unpublished MSc, Lund University.
Diesendorf, M. (2006). Wind power in Australia. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 63(6), 765–776.
Dolowitz, D., & Marsh, D. (2000). Learning from abroad. Governance, 13(1), 5–23.
Dovers, S. (2005). Environmental and sustainability policy: Creation, implementation, evaluation. Annandale: Federation.
Edwards, P., Hindmarsh, R., Mercer, H., Bond, M., & Rowland, A. (2008). A three-stage evaluation of a deliberative event on climate change and transforming energy, Journal of Public Deliberation, 4 (1): Article 6. http://services.bepress.com/jpd/vol4/iss1/art6.
Ellis, G., Barry, J., & Robinson, C. (2006). Renewable energy and discourses of objection: Towards deliberative policy-making: Summary of main findings. Northern Ireland: Queen’s University Belfast.
Ellis, G., Cowell, R., Warren, C., Strachan, P., Szarka, J., Hadwin, R., et al. (2009). Wind power: Is there a ‘planning problem’? Expanding wind power: A problem of planning, or of perception? The problems of planning—A developer’s perspective; Wind farms: More respectful and open debate needed, not less; Planning: Problem ‘Carrier’ or problem ‘source’? ‘Innovative’ wind power planning. Planning Theory & Practice, 10(4), 523–547.
EPHC (2009a). National wind farm development guidelines—public consultation draft. Adelaide: Environmental Protection and Heritage Council.
EPHC (2009b). Best practice guide for wind farms released for comment. Media release 28 October, Adelaide: Environmental Protection and Heritage Council.
EPHC. (2010). National wind farm development guidelines—Draft. Adelaide: Environmental Protection and Heritage Council.
EPHC (Environmental Protection and Heritage Council of Australia and New Zealand) (2008). Report on the impediments to environmentally and socially responsible wind farm development. Adelaide: Environmental Protection and Heritage Council.
ESAA (Energy Supply Association of Australia) (2007). ALP interim renewable energy target, press release, 30 October.
Fischer, F. (2006). Participatory governance as deliberative empowerment: The cultural politics of discursive space. American Review of Public Administration, 36(1), 19–40.
Formby, J. (2009). Submission to GP Standing Committee No 5, Inquiry into Rural Wind Farms [submission 45, NSW Inquiry].
Fujigaki, Y. (2009). STS in Japan and East Asia: Governance of science and technology and public engagement. East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal, 3, 511–518.
Geva-May, I. (2002). Comparative studies in public administration and public policy. Public Management Review, 4(3), 275–290.
Government, A. (2004). Securing Australia’s energy future. Canberra: AGPS.
Government, A. (2006). National code for windfarms: A discussion paper. Canberra: Department of Environment and Water Resources.
Graham, J., Stephenson, J., & Smith, I. (2009). Public perceptions of wind energy developments: Case studies from New Zealand. Energy Policy, 37(9), 3348–3357.
Gross, C. (2007). Community perspectives of wind energy in Australia: The application of a justice and community fairness framework to increase social acceptance. Energy Policy, 35, 2727–2736.
Hamdouch, A., & Depret, M.-H. (2010). Policy integration strategy and the development of the ‘green economy’: Foundations and implementation patterns. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 53(4), 473–490.
Hendriks, C. (2009). Policy design without democracy? Making democratic sense of transition management. Policy Sciences, 42, 341–368.
Hidalgo, M., & Hernandez, B. (2001). Place attachment: Conceptual and empirical questions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21, 273–281.
Hindmarsh, R. (2009). Effective transitions for renewable energy & beyond: Community Engagement and Wind Farms. Submission to the Parliament of New South Wales General Purpose Standing Committee No. 5 Rural Wind Farms Inquiry, 30 October. Available at: http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/Prod/parlment/committee.nsf/0/C19EBAF2D3FDBDE9CA257664000EBA27. Accessed 10 Feb 2010.
Hindmarsh, R., & Du Plessis, R. (2008). The new civic geography of life sciences governance: Perspectives from Australia and New Zealand. New Genetics and Society, 27(3), 175–180.
Hindmarsh, R., & Matthews, C. (2008). Deliberative speak at the turbine face: Community engagement, windfarms, and renewable energy transitions, in Australia. Environmental Policy and Planning, 10(3), 217–232.
Hophmayer-Tokich, S., & Krozer, Y. (2008). Public participation in rural area water management: Experiences from the North Sea countries in Europe. Water International, 33(2), 243–257.
Inalhan, G., & Finch, E. (2004). Place attachment and sense of belonging. Facilities, 22(5/6), 120–128.
Jasanoff, S. (2004). Science and citizenship: A new synergy. Science and Public Policy, 31(2), 90–94.
Jobert, A., Laborgne, P., & Mimler, S. (2007). Local acceptance of wind energy: Factors of success identified in French and German case studies. Wind Energy, 10, 2751–2760.
Jones, C., & Eiser, R. (2010). Understanding ‘local’ opposition to wind development in the UK: How big is a backyard. Energy Policy, 38, 3106–3117.
Koehler, B., & Koontz, T. (2008). Citizen participation in collaborative watershed partnerships. Environmental Management, 41, 143–154.
Lund, H. (2000). Choice awareness: The development of technological and institutional choice in the public debate of Danish energy planning. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 2, 249–259.
May, P. (1992). Policy learning and failure. Journal of Public Policy, 12(4), 331–354.
McClymont, K., & O’Hare, P. (2008). ‘We’re not NIMBY’s!’: Contrasting local protest groups with idealised conceptions of sustainable communities. Local Environment, 13(4), 321–335.
McGurk, B., Sinclair, A., & Diduck, A. (2006). An assessment of stakeholder advisory committees in forest management: Case studies from Manitoba, Canada. Society & Natural Resources, 19(9), 809–826.
Melo, M., & Baiocchi, G. (2006). Deliberative democracy and local governance: Towards a new agenda. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 30(3), 587–600.
Messali, E., & Diesendorf, M. (2009). Potential sites for off-shore wind power in Australia. Wind Engineering, 33(4), 335–348.
Meyer, N. (2007). Learning from wind energy policy in the EU: Lessons from Denmark, Sweden and Spain. European Environment, 17(5), 347–362.
Mulligan, M., & Nadarajah, Y. (2008). Working on the sustainability of local communities with a ‘community-engaged’ research methodology. Local Environment, 13(2), 81–94.
Nadaї, A. (2007). ‘Planning’, ‘siting’ and the local acceptance of wind power: Some lessons from the French case. Energy Policy, 35, 2715–2726.
NSW (2010). NSW Government response: rural wind farms, June.
NSW (New South Wales) (2009). Final report, rural wind farms. Legislative Council General Purpose Standing Committee No. 5, Report 31, Sydney: NSW Legislative Council.
Oughton, D. (2008). Public participation—Potential and pitfalls. Energy & Environment, 19(3/4), 485–496.
Owens, S., & Driffill, L. (2008). How to change attitudes and behaviours in the context of energy. Energy Policy, 36, 4412–4418.
Peter, F. (2008). Democratic legitimacy. UK: Routledge.
Pretty, G., Chipuer, H., & Bramston, P. (2003). Sense of place amongst adolescents and adults in two rural Australian towns: The discriminating features of place attachment, sense of community and place dependence in relation to place identity. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23, 273–287.
Rowe, G., & Frewer, L. (2000). Public participation methods: A framework for evaluation. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 25, 3–29.
Stedman, R. (2002). Toward a social psychology of place: Predicting behavior from place-based cognitions, attitude, and identity. Environment and Behavior, 32, 561–580.
Sullivan, R., & Consideine, M.-L. (2010). Hastening slowly in the global renewables race. Ecos, 154, 16–19.
Tambling, G., Laver, P., Oliphant, M., & Stevens, N. (2003). Renewable opportunities: A review of the renewable energy (Electricity) Act 2000. Australian Greenhouse Office.
Toke, D. (2005). Explaining wind power planning outcomes: Some findings from a study in England and Wales. Energy Policy, 33, 1527–1539.
van der Horst, D. (2007). NIMBY or not? Exploring the relevance of location and the politics of voiced opinions in renewable energy siting controversies. Energy Policy, 35, 2705–2714.
Victoria (2009). Inquiry into the Approvals Process for Renewable Energy Projects in Victoria. Available from: http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/enrc/inquiries/article/870. Accessed 20 October 2010.
Videira, N., Antunes, P., Santos, R., & Lobo, G. (2006). Public and stakeholder participation in European water policy: A critical review of project evaluation processes. European Environment, 16, 19–31.
Wagenet, L., & Pfeffer, M. (2006). Organizing citizen engagement for democratic environmental planning. Society and Natural Resources, 20, 801–813.
Walker, G., Devine-Wright, P., Hunter, S., High, H., & Evans, B. (2010). Trust and community: Exploring the meanings, contexts and dynamics of community renewable energy. Energy Policy, 38, 2655–2663.
Walmsley, D. (2000). Community, place and cyberspace. Australian Geographer, 31(1), 5–19.
Wawryk, A. (2004). Planning for wind energy: Controversy over wind farms in coastal Victoria. Australian Journal of Natural Resources Law & Policy, 9(1), 103–143.
Webler, T., & Tuler, S. (2000). Fairness and competence in citizen participation: Theoretical reflections from a case study. Administration & Society, 3(5), 566–595
Wolsink, M. (2005). Wind power implementation: The nature of public attitudes: Equity and fairness instead of ‘backyard motives’. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 11, 1188–1207.
Wolsink, M. (2006). Invalid theory impedes our understanding: A critique on the persistence of the language of NIMBY. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 31, 85–91.
Wolsink, M. (2007). Planning of renewables schemes: Deliberative and fair decision-making on landscapes issues instead of reproachful accusations of non-cooperation. Energy Policy, 35(5), 2692–2704.
Wüsteenhagen, R., Wolsink, M., & Bürer, M. (2007). Social acceptance of renewable energy: An introduction to the concept. Energy Policy, 35, 2683–2691.
Wynne, B. (1993). Public uptake of science: A case for institutional reflexivity. Public Understanding of Science, 2, 321–330.
Zografos, C., & Martinez-Alier, J. (2009). The politics of landscape value: A case study of wind farm conflict in Catalonia. Environment and Planning A, 41, 1726–1744.
