Ai định hình sự chuyển đổi năng lượng? Các phong cách điều tiết quốc gia và sự tham gia của xã hội trong chính sách năng lượng tái tạo

Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft - Tập 33 - Trang 325-354 - 2022
Viktoria Brendler1
1Institut für Sozialwissenschaften, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany

Tóm tắt

Bài báo này cung cấp một góc nhìn so sánh về sự tham gia của xã hội trong quá trình chuyển đổi năng lượng, xem xét (i) cả giai đoạn xây dựng chính sách và (ii) các cơ hội đóng góp cho các loại tác nhân khác nhau (các tác nhân doanh nghiệp so với công chúng). Đối chiếu khái niệm phong cách điều tiết quốc gia bền bỉ với khái niệm chuyển đổi sang các phương thức quản trị và/hoặc sự tham gia mới, tôi phân tích sự tham gia của xã hội trong chính sách năng lượng tái tạo quốc gia sau khi hình thành các mục tiêu 20-20-20 của Châu Âu vào mùa xuân năm 2007. Câu hỏi nghiên cứu chính của tôi là liệu áp lực cải cách cao có dẫn đến sự thay đổi trong các truyền thống điều tiết cụ thể theo lĩnh vực hay không. Trong một nghiên cứu trường hợp so sánh, tôi làm nổi bật (1) một môi trường tập trung vào doanh nghiệp với các người chơi mới (Đức), (2) một cuộc tham vấn công chúng quy mô lớn trong bối cảnh của lợi ích đã được thiết lập (Pháp), (3) một cách tiếp cận tự do dựa trên các thỏa thuận (Hà Lan) cũng như (4) các cuộc tham vấn lặp đi lặp lại với quyết định mang tính gia trưởng (Vương Quốc Anh). Kết quả của tôi chỉ ra rằng cả hai phong cách điều tiết tổng quát bền bỉ cũng như những bổ sung hạn chế cho các tác nhân tham gia và/hoặc các định dạng được sử dụng. Sự tham gia của xã hội trong việc xây dựng chính sách dường như không có nhiều ý nghĩa trong hầu hết các trường hợp đã được nghiên cứu. Về các đóng góp của xã hội cho việc thực thi chính sách, có thể quan sát thấy xu hướng hội tụ hướng tới một cách tiếp cận hai nhánh, giải quyết cả các tác nhân doanh nghiệp và công chúng, mặc dù phong cách điều tiết khác biệt vẫn tồn tại.

Từ khóa

#năng lượng tái tạo #chính sách năng lượng #sự tham gia của xã hội #phong cách điều tiết quốc gia #công ty và công chúng

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