Which goal for fluid therapy during colorectal surgery is followed by the best outcome: near-maximal stroke volume or zero fluid balance?

Brandstrup, 2003, Effects of intravenous fluid restriction on postoperative complications: comparison of two perioperative fluid regimens. A randomized assessor blinded multicentre trial, Ann Surg, 238, 641, 10.1097/01.sla.0000094387.50865.23 Nisanevich, 2005, Effect of intraoperative fluid management on outcome after intra-abdominal surgery, Anesthesiology, 103, 25, 10.1097/00000542-200507000-00008 Adesanya, 2008, Intraoperative fluid restriction predicts improved outcomes in major vascular surgery, Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 42, 531, 10.1177/1538574408318474 de Aguilar-Nascimento, 2009, Clinical benefits after the implementation of a protocol of restricted perioperative intravenous crystalloid fluids in major abdominal operations, World J Surg, 33, 925, 10.1007/s00268-009-9944-2 Wenkui, 2010, Restricted peri-operative fluid administration adjusted by serum lactate level improved outcome after major elective surgery for gastrointestinal malignancy, Surgery, 147, 542, 10.1016/j.surg.2009.10.036 Booi, 2011, Perioperative fluid overload increases anastomosis thrombosis in the free TRAM flap used for breast reconstruction, Eur J Plast Surg, 34, 81, 10.1007/s00238-010-0466-9 Abraham-Nordling, 2012, Randomized clinical trial of fluid restriction in colorectal surgery, Br J Surg, 99, 186, 10.1002/bjs.7702 McKinlay, 2007, Intravenous fluid therapy in daily practice: intraabdominal operations, 357 Miller, 2002 Sarnoff, 1954, Ventricular function: I. Starling's law of the heart studied by means of simultaneous left and right ventricular function curves in the dog, Circulation, 9, 709, 10.1161/01.CIR.9.5.706 Conway, 2002, Randomised controlled trial investigating the influence of intravenous fluid titration using oesophageal Doppler monitoring during bowel surgery, Anaesthesia, 57, 845, 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.02708.x Gan, 2002, Goal-directed intraoperative fluid administration reduces length of hospital stay after major surgery, Anesthesiology, 97, 820, 10.1097/00000542-200210000-00012 Mythen, 1995, Perioperative plasma volume expansion reduces the incidence of gut mucosal hypoperfusion during cardiac surgery, Arch Surg, 130, 423, 10.1001/archsurg.1995.01430040085019 Noblett, 2007, Randomized clinical trial assessing the effect of Doppler-optimized fluid management on outcome after elective colorectal resection, Br J Surg, 93, 1069, 10.1002/bjs.5454 Wakeling, 2005, Intraoperative oesophageal Doppler guided fluid management shortens postoperative hospital stay after major bowel surgery, Br J Anaesth, 95, 634, 10.1093/bja/aei223 Dillon, 1966, A bioassay of treatment of hemorrhagic shock, Arch Surg, 93, 537, 10.1001/archsurg.1966.01330040001001 Shires, 1967, Shock and metabolism, Surg Gynecol Obstet, 124, 803 Brandstrup, 2006, Hemorrhage and operation cause a contraction of the extra cellular space needing replacement—evidence and implications? A systematic review, Surgery, 139, 419, 10.1016/j.surg.2005.07.035 Bundgaaed-Nielsen, 2009, ‘Liberal’ vs. ‘Restrictive’ Perioperative fluid therapy—a critical assessment of the evidence, Acta Anesthesiol Scand, 53, 843, 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.02029.x Rahbari, 2009, Meta-analysis of standard, restrictive and supplemented fluid administration in colorectal surgery, Br J Surg, 96, 331, 10.1002/bjs.6552 Varadhan, 2010, A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of intravenous fluid therapy in major elective open abdominal surgery: getting the balance right, Proc Nutr Soc, 69, 488, 10.1017/S0029665110001734 Brandstrup, 2006, Fluid therapy for the surgical patient, Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol, 20, 265, 10.1016/j.bpa.2005.10.007 Powell-Tuck, 2008, 1 1999, Anesthesiology, 90, 896, 10.1097/00000542-199903000-00034 Abraha, 2010, Modified intention to treat reporting in randomised controlled trials: systematic review, Br Med J, 340, c2697, 10.1136/bmj.c2697 Fergusson, 2002, Post-randomisation exclusions: the intention to treat principle and excluding patients from analysis, Br Med J, 325, 652, 10.1136/bmj.325.7365.652 Shires, 1960, Distributional changes in extra cellular fluid during acute hemorrhagic shock, Surg Forum, 11, 115 Cook, 1990, Intravenous fluid load and recovery. A double-blind comparison in gynaecological patients who had day-case laparoscopy, Anaesthesia, 45, 826, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14563.x Magner, 2004, Effect of intraoperative intravenous crystalloid infusion on postoperative nausea and vomiting after gynaecological laparoscopy: comparison of 30 and 10 ml kg−1, Br J Anaesth, 93, 381, 10.1093/bja/aeh219 McCaul, 2003, Intravenous fluidloading with or without supplementary dextrose does not prevent nausea, vomiting and pain after laparoscopy, Can J Anaesth, 5, 440, 10.1007/BF03021053 Holte, 2004, Liberal versus restrictive fluid administration to improve recovery after laparoscopic cholesystectomy. A randomized, double-blind study, Ann Surg, 240, 892, 10.1097/01.sla.0000143269.96649.3b Senagore, 2009, Fluid management for laparoscopic colectomy: a prospective, randomized assessment of goal-directed administration of balanced salt solution or hetastarch coupled with an enhanced recovery program, Dis Colon Rectum, 52, 1935, 10.1007/DCR.0b013e3181b4c35e Hawthorne, 2001, Effect of fluid preload on matetnal haemodynamics for low-dose epidural analgesia in labour, Int J Obstet Anesth, 10, 312, 10.1054/ijoa.2001.0904 Jackson, 1995, Volume preloading is not essential to prevent spinal-induced hypotension at Caesarean section, Br J Anaesth, 75, 262, 10.1093/bja/75.3.262 Kinsella, 2000, Randomized study of intravenous fluid preload before epidural analgesia during labour, Br J Anaesth, 85, 311, 10.1093/bja/85.2.311 Kubli, 2003, A randomised controlled trial of fluid pre-loading before low dose epidural analgesia for labour, Int J Obstet Anesth, 12, 256, 10.1016/S0959-289X(03)00071-2 Park, 1996, The effects of varying volumes of crystalloid administration before cesarian delivery on maternal hemodynamics and colloid osmotic pressure, Anesth Analg, 83, 299, 10.1213/00000539-199608000-00017