When you are born matters: An age-period-cohort analysis of multimodality

Bell, 2014, Life-course and cohort trajectories of mental health in the UK, 1991–2008–a multilevel age–period–cohort analysis, Soc. Sci. Med., 120, 21, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.09.008 Blanchard, 1977, Distinguishing aging, period and cohort effects in longitudinal studies of elderly populations, Socio-Econom. Plan. Sci., 11, 137, 10.1016/0038-0121(77)90032-5 Blumenberg, 2013, Multimodal travel and the poor: evidence from the 2009 National Household Travel Survey, Transport. Lett., 6, 36, 10.1179/1942787513Y.0000000009 Buehler, 2014, The multimodal majority? Driving, walking, cycling, and public transportation use among American adults, Transportation, 42, 1081, 10.1007/s11116-014-9556-z Buehler, 2016, An examination of recent trends in multimodal travel behavior among American motorists, Int. J. Sustain. Transport., 10, 354, 10.1080/15568318.2014.945672 Chatterjee, K., Goodwin, P., Schwanen, T., Clark, B., Jain, J., Melia, S., Middleton, J., Plyushteva, A., Ricci, M., Santos, G., 2018. Young people’s travel–What’s changed and why? Review and analysis. Circella, G., Lee, Y., Alemi, F., 2019. 'Exploring the Relationships Among Travel Multimodality, Driving Behavior, Use of Ridehailing and Energy Consumption. Crossley, 2003 Delbosc, 2013, Causes of youth licensing decline: a synthesis of evidence, Transp. Rev., 33, 271, 10.1080/01441647.2013.801929 Department for Transport. (2019a). National Travel Survey, 1995-2001: Special Licence Access. [data collection]. UK Data Service. SN: 7804, http://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-7804-1. Department for Transport. (2019b). National Travel Survey, 2002-2017: Special Licence Access. [data collection]. 7th Edition. UK Data Service. SN: 7553, http://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-7553-7. Department for Transport, 2018a. National Travel Survey Data Extract User Guide, 1995-2016, accessed 17 February 2020. http://doc.ukdataservice.ac.uk/doc/7559/mrdoc/pdf/7559_nts_user_guidance_1995-2016.pdf. Department for Transport, 2018b. Passenger transport by mode from 1952, accessed 05 March 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/nts07-car-ownership-and-access. Diana, M., Mokhtarian, P.L., 2007. The individual desire to change a “modal basket” and its relationship with the actual and perceived use of different transport means. 11th World Congress on Transport Research. Diana, 2009, Desire to change one’s multimodality and its relationship to the use of different transport means, Transport. Res. Part F: Traffic Psychol. Behav., 12, 107, 10.1016/j.trf.2008.09.001 Diana, 2016, A comparative assessment of synthetic indices to measure multimodality behaviours, Transportmetrica A: Transp. Sci., 12, 771, 10.1080/23249935.2016.1177133 Down, 2013, A rising generation of E uropeans? Life-cycle and cohort effects on support for ‘E urope’, Eur. J. Polit. Res., 52, 431, 10.1111/1475-6765.12001 Eggebeen, 2014 Elldér, 2014, Residential location and daily travel distances: the influence of trip purpose, J. Transp. Geogr., 34, 121, 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2013.11.008 Fienberg, 1979, Identification and estimation of age-period-cohort models in the analysis of discrete archival data, Sociol. Methodol., 10, 1, 10.2307/270764 Frändberg, 2011, More or less travel: personal mobility trends in the Swedish population focusing gender and cohort, J. Transp. Geogr., 19, 1235, 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2011.06.004 Garikapati, 2016, Activity patterns, time use, and travel of millennials: a generation in transition?, Transp. Rev., 36, 558, 10.1080/01441647.2016.1197337 Goodwin, 2013, ‘Peak car’—themes and issues, Transp. Rev., 33, 243, 10.1080/01441647.2013.804133 Grimal, 2020, Are French millenials less car-oriented? Literature review and empirical findings, Transport. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ., 79, 10.1016/j.trd.2020.102221 Gunn, 2018 Hägerstraand, 1970, What about people in regional science?, Papers Regional Sci., 24, 7, 10.1111/j.1435-5597.1970.tb01464.x Hair, 2010 Headicar, 2013, The changing spatial distribution of the population in England: its nature and significance for ‘peak car’, Transp. Rev., 33, 310, 10.1080/01441647.2013.802751 Heinen, E., 2018. Are multimodals more likely to change their travel behaviour? A cross-sectional analysis to explore the theoretical link between multimodality and the intention to change mode choice. Transport. Res. Part F: Traffic Psychol. Behav., 56, 200–214. Heinen, 2015, The same mode again? An exploration of mode choice variability in Great Britain using the National Travel Survey, Transport. Res. Part A: Policy Pract., 78, 266 Heinen, 2017, Does a high level of multimodality mean less car use? An exploration of multimodality trends in England, Transportation Heinen, 2019, Does a high level of multimodality mean less car use? An exploration of multimodality trends in England, Transportation, 46, 1093, 10.1007/s11116-017-9810-2 Heinen, 2019, Multimodality and CO2 emissions: A relationship moderated by distance, Transport. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ., 75, 179, 10.1016/j.trd.2019.08.022 Heinen, 2016, Variability in baseline travel behaviour as a predictor of changes in commuting by active travel, car and public transport: a natural experimental study, J. Transp. Health, 3, 77, 10.1016/j.jth.2015.11.002 Klinger, 2017, Moving from monomodality to multimodality? Changes in mode choice of new residents, Transport. Res. Part A: Policy Pract., 104, 221 Kroesen, 2014, Modeling the behavioral determinants of travel behavior: An application of latent transition analysis, Transport. Res. Part A: Policy Pract., 65, 56 Krueger, R., Rashidi, T.H., Vij, A., 2019. 'X vs. Y: an analysis of intergenerational differences in transport mode use among young adults', Transportation, pp. 1–29. Kuhnimhof, 2012, Men shape a downward trend in car use among young adults—evidence from six industrialized countries, Transp. Rev., 32, 761, 10.1080/01441647.2012.736426 Kuhnimhof, 2011, A new generation: travel trends for young Germans and Britons, Transport. Res. Record: J. Transport. Res. Board, 2230, 58, 10.3141/2230-07 Kuhnimhof, 2012, Travel trends among young adults in Germany: increasing multimodality and declining car use for men, J. Transp. Geogr., 24, 443, 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.04.018 Kupper, 1983, Age-period-cohort analysis: an illustration of the problems in assessing interaction in one observation per cell data, Commun. Statist.-Theory Methods, 12, 201, 10.1080/03610928308828640 Lee, Y., Circella, G., Mokhtarian, P.L., Guhathakurta, S., 2019. Are millennials more multimodal? A latent-class cluster analysis with attitudes and preferences among millennial and Generation X commuters in California. Transportation, pp. 1–24. Leibling, 2008 Marglin, 1991 Mehdizadeh, 2018, “I’ll never stop driving my child to school”: on multimodal and monomodal car users, Transportation, 1 Molin, 2016, Multimodal travel groups and attitudes: A latent class cluster analysis of Dutch travelers, Transport. Res. Part A: Policy Pract., 83, 14 Morgan, 2014, Health-related quality of life of ambulant adults with cerebral palsy and its association with falls and mobility decline: a preliminary cross sectional study, Health Qual. Life Outcomes, 12, 132, 10.1186/s12955-014-0132-1 NatCen Social Research, 2018. National Travel Survey 2017. Technical Report. accessed 1 February 2020. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/729525/nts-technical-report-2017.pdf. Newell, 1990 Nobis, 2007, Multimodality: facets and causes of sustainable mobility behavior, Transp. Res. Rec., 1, 35, 10.3141/2010-05 O'Brien, 1999, The enduring effects of cohort characteristics on age-specific homicide rates, 1960–1995, Am. J. Sociol., 104, 1061, 10.1086/210136 Owram, 1997 Preston, S.H., Guillot, M., 2000. Demographymeasuring and modeling population processes. Robinson, 2001, Is Trust in Others Declining in America? An Age–Period–Cohort Analysis, Soc. Sci. Res., 30, 117, 10.1006/ssre.2000.0692 Ryder, 1965, The Cohort as a Concept in the Study of Social Change, Am. Sociol. Rev., 30, 843, 10.2307/2090964 Scheiner, 2016, Key events and multimodality: A life course approach, Transport. Res. Part A: Policy Pract., 91(pp, 148 Smith, 2008, Advances in age–period–cohort analysis, Sociol. Methods Res., 36, 287, 10.1177/0049124107310636 Streit, 2015, Changes in variability and flexibility of individual travel in Germany: trends and drivers, Transp. Res. Rec., 2496, 10, 10.3141/2496-02 Thompson, G., Hawkins, O., Dar, A., Taylor, M., 2012. Olympic Britain: Social and economic change since the 1908 and 1948 London Games', Retrieved October, 1, 2014. Van Wee, 2015, Peak car: The first signs of a shift towards ICT-based activities replacing travel? A discussion paper, Transp. Policy, 42, 1, 10.1016/j.tranpol.2015.04.002 Wray-Lake, 2010, Examining trends in adolescent environmental attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors across three decades, Environ. Behav., 42, 61, 10.1177/0013916509335163 Yang, 2008, Social inequalities in happiness in the United States, 1972 to 2004: An age-period-cohort analysis, Am. Sociol. Rev., 73, 204, 10.1177/000312240807300202 Yang, 2006, A mixed models approach to the age-period-cohort analysis of repeated cross-section surveys, with an application to data on trends in verbal test scores, Sociol. Methodol., 36, 75, 10.1111/j.1467-9531.2006.00175.x Yang, 2016, Age-period-cohort analysis: New models, methods Zhou, 2019, Investigating inter-generational changes in activity-travel behavior: a disaggregate approach, Transportation, 46, 1643, 10.1007/s11116-018-9863-x