Những yếu tố nào quyết định việc một người phụ nữ trở nên trầm cảm trong giai đoạn tiền mãn kinh?

Archives of Women's Mental Health - Tập 15 - Trang 323-332 - 2012
Zoe Gibbs1, Stuart Lee1, Jayashri Kulkarni1
1Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

Tóm tắt

Giai đoạn tiền mãn kinh từ lâu đã được liên kết với sự đau khổ tâm lý, cả về mặt kinh nghiệm cá nhân lẫn lâm sàng. Nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra rằng khoảng thời gian này là giai đoạn có nguy cơ cao hơn đối với cả trầm cảm lần đầu và tái phát trầm cảm. Tuy nhiên, chúng ta biết rằng phần lớn phụ nữ không trải qua những khó khăn này trong thời kỳ tiền mãn kinh. Bài viết tổng quan này xem xét các tài liệu nghiên cứu hiện tại liên quan đến các yếu tố liên quan đến trầm cảm trong giai đoạn tiền mãn kinh, với mục tiêu xác định các yếu tố bảo vệ và những yếu tố dự đoán nguy cơ gia tăng. Từ tài liệu, rõ ràng là một số phụ nữ có sự nhạy cảm hormone đối với rối loạn tâm trạng. Tuy nhiên, điều này không thể giải thích cho hiện tượng trầm cảm trong thời kỳ tiền mãn kinh một cách độc lập. Ngược lại, có vẻ như có một mối quan hệ phức tạp giữa sự nhạy cảm hormone, sự hỗ trợ tâm lý xã hội mà một người có (kỹ năng đối phó và sự hỗ trợ xã hội), sự khỏe mạnh tổng thể của họ (tập thể dục và các yếu tố lối sống khác) và những yêu cầu đối với tài nguyên đối phó của họ (những sự kiện cuộc sống căng thẳng). Sự phức tạp trong mối quan hệ giữa giai đoạn tiền mãn kinh và trầm cảm cho thấy cần phải xem xét cả hai yếu tố này không chỉ như là một lời giải thích đơn lẻ cho sự suy giảm tâm trạng trong độ tuổi trung niên. Cần có sự giáo dục cho cả bác sĩ đa khoa và phụ nữ về các rủi ro cá nhân của sự đau khổ tâm lý trong giai đoạn tiền mãn kinh, cũng như kiến thức về các yếu tố cuộc sống mà chúng ta biết là có tác dụng bảo vệ.

Từ khóa

#tiền mãn kinh #trầm cảm #yếu tố bảo vệ #rối loạn tâm trạng #sức khỏe tâm lý

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