What fMRI has taught us about human vision

Ungerleider, 1994, What and where in the human brain, Curr Opin Neurobiol, 4, 157, 10.1016/0959-4388(94)90066-3 Fox, 1986, Focal physiological uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism during somatosensory stimulation in human subjects, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 83, 1140, 10.1073/pnas.83.4.1140 Bandettini, 1992, Time course of EPI of human brain function during task activation, Magn Reson Med, 25, 390, 10.1002/mrm.1910250220 Kwong, 1992, Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity during primary sensory stimulation, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 89, 5675, 10.1073/pnas.89.12.5675 Ogawa, 1992, Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation: functional brain mapping with magnetic resonance imaging, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 89, 5951, 10.1073/pnas.89.13.5951 Boynton, 1996, Linear systems analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging in human V1, J Neurosci, 16, 4207, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-13-04207.1996 Felleman, 1991, Distributed heirarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex, Cereb Cortex, 1, 1, 10.1093/cercor/1.1.1-a Ungerleider, 1982, Two cortical visual systems, 549 Desimone, 1989, Neural mechanisms of visual processing in monkeys, 267 Desimone, 1991, Face-selective cells in the temporal cortex of monkeys, J Cogn Neurosci, 3, 1, 10.1162/jocn.1991.3.1.1 Tanaka, 1993, Neuronal mechanisms of object recognition, Science, 262, 685, 10.1126/science.8235589 Barbas, 1985, Cortical afferent input to the principalis region of the rhesus monkey, Neuroscience, 15, 619, 10.1016/0306-4522(85)90064-8 Cavada, 1989, Posterior parietal cortex in rhesus monkey. II. Evidence for segregated corticocortical networks linking sensory and limbic areas with the frontal lobe, J Comp Neurol, 287, 422, 10.1002/cne.902870403 Webster, 1994, Connections of inferior temporal areas TEO and TE with parietal and frontal cortex in macaque monkeys, Cereb Cortex, 5, 470, 10.1093/cercor/4.5.470 Desimone, 1995, Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention, Annu Rev Neurosci, 18, 193, 10.1146/annurev.ne.18.030195.001205 Schneider, 1993, Functional topographic mapping of the cortical ribbon in human vision with conventional MRI scanners, Nature, 365, 150, 10.1038/365150a0 Engel, 1994, fMRI of human visual cortex, Nature, 369, 525, 10.1038/369525a0 Sereno, 1995, Borders of multiple visual areas in human revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging, Science, 268, 889, 10.1126/science.7754376 DeYoe, 1996, Mapping striate and extrastriate visual areas in human cerebral cortex, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 93, 2382, 10.1073/pnas.93.6.2382 Engel, 1997, Retinotopic organization in human visual cortex and the spatial precision of functional MRI, Cereb Cortex, 7, 181, 10.1093/cercor/7.2.181 Tootell, 1996, New images from human visual cortex, Trends Neurosci, 19, 481, 10.1016/S0166-2236(96)10053-9 Zeki, 1974, Functional organization of a visual area in the posterior bank of the superior temporal sulcus of the rhesus monkey, J Physiol (Lond), 236, 549, 10.1113/jphysiol.1974.sp010452 Maunsell, 1983, Functional properties of neurons in middle temporal visual area of the macaque monkey. I. Selectivity for stimulus direction speed, and orientation, J Neurophysiol, 49, 1127, 10.1152/jn.1983.49.5.1127 Treue, 1996, Attentional modulation of visual motion processing in cortical areas MT and MST, Nature, 382, 539, 10.1038/382539a0 Corbetta, 1991, Selective and divided attention during visual discriminations of shape, color, and speed: functional anatomy by positron emission tomography, J Neurosci, 11, 2383, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.11-08-02383.1991 Zeki, 1991, A direct demonstration of functional specialization in human visual cortex, J Neurosci, 11, 641, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.11-03-00641.1991 Watson, 1993, Area V5 of the human brain: evidence from a combined study using positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, Cereb Cortex, 3, 79, 10.1093/cercor/3.2.79 Tootell, 1995, Functional analysis of human MT and related visual cortical areas using magnetic resonance imaging, J Neurosci, 15, 3215, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-04-03215.1995 Howard, 1996, A direct demonstration of functional specialization within motion-related visual and auditory cortex of the human brain, Curr Biol, 6, 1015, 10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00646-2 Beauchamp, 1997, Graded effects of spatial and featural attention on human area MT and associated motion processing areas, J Neurophysiol, 10.1152/jn.1997.78.1.516 O'Craven, 1997, Voluntary attention modulates fMRI activity in human MT-MST, Neuron, 18, 591, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80300-1 Lund, 1976, The origin of efferent pathways from the primary visual cortex, area 17 of the macaque monkey as shown by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase, J Comp Neurol, 164, 287, 10.1002/cne.901640303 Lovegrove, 1980, Specific reading disability: differences in contrast sensitivity as a function of spatial frequency, Science, 210, 439, 10.1126/science.7433985 Livingstone, 1991, Physiological and anatomical evidence for a magnocellular defect in develomental dyslexia, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 88, 7943, 10.1073/pnas.88.18.7943 Eden, 1996, Abnormal processing of visual motion in dyslexia revealed by functional brain imaging, Nature, 382, 66, 10.1038/382066a0 Martin, 1995, Discrete cortical regions associated with knowledge of color and knowledge of action, Science, 270, 102, 10.1126/science.270.5233.102 Sakai, 1995, Functional mapping of the human colour centre with echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging, Proc R Soc Lond [Biol], 261, 89, 10.1098/rspb.1995.0121 Kleinschmidt, 1996, Functional mapping of color processing by magnetic resonance imaging of responses to selective P- and M-pathway stimulation, Exp Brain Res, 110, 279, 10.1007/BF00228558 Clark, 1997, Selective attention to face identity and color studied with fMRI, Hum Brain Mapping, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1997)5:4<293::AID-HBM15>3.0.CO;2-F Lueck, 1989, The color center in the cerebral cortex of man, Nature, 340, 386, 10.1038/340386a0 Damasio, 1980, Central achromatopsia: behavioral, anatomical and physiologic aspects, Neurology, 30, 1064, 10.1212/WNL.30.10.1064 Zeki, 1978, Functional specialization in the visual cortex of the rhesus monkey, Nature, 274, 423, 10.1038/274423a0 Schein, 1990, Spectral properties of v4 neurons in the macaque, J Neurosci, 10, 3369, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.10-10-03369.1990 Desimone, 1987, Visual properties of neurons in area v4 of the macaque: sensitivity to stimulus form, J Neurophysiol, 57, 835, 10.1152/jn.1987.57.3.835 Gallant, 1993, Selectivity for polar, hyperbolic, and Cartesian gratings in macaque visual cortex, Science, 259, 100, 10.1126/science.8418487 Heywood, 1992, Cortical area V4 and its role in the perception of color, J Neurosci, 12, 4056, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.12-10-04056.1992 Merigan, 1993, Human V4?, Curr Biol, 3, 226, 10.1016/0960-9822(93)90340-T Puce, 1995, Face-sensitive regions in human extrastriate cortex studied by functional MRI, J Neurophysiol, 74, 1192, 10.1152/jn.1995.74.3.1192 Puce, 1996, Differential sensitivity of human visual cortex to faces, letterstrings, and textures: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study, J Neurosci, 16, 5205, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-16-05205.1996 Clark, 1996, Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of human visual cortex during face matching: a comparison with positron emission tomography (PET), Neuroimage, 4, 1, 10.1006/nimg.1996.0025 Courtney, 1997, Transient and sustained activity in a distributed neural system for human working memory, Nature, 386, 608, 10.1038/386608a0 Kanwisher, 1997, The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for the perception of faces, J Neurosci, 17, 4302, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-11-04302.1997 McCarthy, 1997, Face-specific processing in the human fusiforms gyrus, J Cogn Neurosci, 10.1162/jocn.1997.9.5.605 Damasio, 1982, Prosopagnosia: anatomic basis and behavioral mechanisms, Neurology, 32, 331, 10.1212/WNL.32.4.331 Damasio, 1990, Face agnosia and the neural substrates of memory, Annu Rev Neurosci, 13, 89, 10.1146/annurev.ne.13.030190.000513 Fodor, 1983 Petersen, 1990, Activation of extrastriate and frontal cortical areas by visual words and word-like stimuli, Science, 249, 1041, 10.1126/science.2396097 Polk, 1995, Late experience alters vision, Nature, 376, 648, 10.1038/376648a0 Farah, 1990 Malach, 1995, Object-related activity revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging in human occipital cortex, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 92, 8135, 10.1073/pnas.92.18.8135 Martin, 1996, Neural correlates of category-specific knowledge, Nature, 379, 649, 10.1038/379649a0 Kanwisher, 1997, A locus in human extrastriate cortex of visual shape analysis, J Cogn Neurosci, 9, 133, 10.1162/jocn.1997.9.1.133 Von der Heydt, 1984, Illusory contours and cortical neuron responses, Science, 224, 1260, 10.1126/science.6539501 Grosof, 1993, Macaque V1 neurons can signal illusory contours, Nature, 365, 550, 10.1038/365550a0 Sheth, 1996, Orientation maps of subjective contours in visual cortex, Science, 274, 2110, 10.1126/science.274.5295.2110 DeWeerd, 1995, Responses of cells in monkey visual cortex during perceptual filling-in of an artificial scotoma, Nature, 377, 731, 10.1038/377731a0 Newsome, 1989, Neuronal correlates of a perceptual decision, Nature, 341, 52, 10.1038/341052a0 Britten, 1996, A relationship between behavioral choice and the visual responses of neurons in macaque MT, Vis Neurosci, 13, 87, 10.1017/S095252380000715X Zeki, 1983, Colour coding in the cerebral cortex: the reaction of cells in monkey visual cortex to wavelengths and colours, Neuroscience, 9, 741, 10.1016/0306-4522(83)90265-8 Hirsch, 1995, Illusory contours activate specific regions in human visual cortex: evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 92, 6469, 10.1073/pnas.92.14.6469 Ffytche, 1996, Brain activity related to the perception of illusory contours, Neuroimage, 3, 104, 10.1006/nimg.1996.0012 Tootell, 1995, Visual motion aftereffect in human cortical area MT revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging, Nature, 375, 139, 10.1038/375139a0 Moran, 1985, Selective attention gates visual processing in the extrastriate cortex, Science, 229, 782, 10.1126/science.4023713 Desimone, 1996, Neural mechanisms for visual memory and their role in attention, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 93, 13494, 10.1073/pnas.93.24.13494 Cohen, 1997, Temporal dynamics of brain activation during a working memory task, Nature, 386, 604, 10.1038/386604a0 Miyashita, 1988, Neuronal correlate of pictorial short-term memory in the primate temporal cortex, Nature, 331, 68, 10.1038/331068a0 Miller, 1993, Activity of neurons in anterior inferior temporal cortex during a short-term memory task, J Neurosci, 13, 1460, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01460.1993 Fuster, 1995 Wilson, 1993, Dissociation of object and spatial processing domains in primate prefrontal cortex, Science, 260, 1955, 10.1126/science.8316836 Miller, 1996, Neural mechanisms of visual working memory in prefrontal cortex of the macaque, J Neurosci, 16, 5154, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-16-05154.1996 D'Esposito, 1997, A functional MRI study of mental image generation, Neuropsychologia, 35, 725, 10.1016/S0028-3932(96)00121-2 LeBihan, 1993, Activation of human primary visual cortex during visual recall: a magnetic resonance imaging study, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 90, 11802, 10.1073/pnas.90.24.11802 Cohen, 1996, Changes in cortical activity during mental rotation: a mapping study using functional MRI, Brain, 119, 89, 10.1093/brain/119.1.89 Aguirre, 1997, Environmental knowledge is subserved by separable dorsal/ventral neural areas, J Neurosci, 17, 2512, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-07-02512.1997 Kosslyn, 1993, Visual mental imagery activates topographically organized visual cortex: PET investigations, J Cogn Neurosci, 5, 263, 10.1162/jocn.1993.5.3.263 Roland, 1995, Visual memory, visual imagery, and visual recognition of large field patterns by the human brain: functional anatomy by positron emission tomography, Cereb Cortex, 5, 79, 10.1093/cercor/5.1.79 Mellet, 1996, Functional anatomy of spatial mental imagery generated from verbal instructions, J Neurosci, 16, 6504, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-20-06504.1996 Alivisatos, 1997, Functional activation of the human brain during mental rotation, Neuropsychologia, 35, 111, 10.1016/S0028-3932(96)00083-8 Courtney, 1996, Object and spatial visual working memory activate separate neural systems in human cortex, Cereb Cortex, 6, 39, 10.1093/cercor/6.1.39 Buckner, 1996, Detection of cortical activation during averaged single trials of a cognitive task using functional magnetic resonance imaging, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 93, 14302, 10.1073/pnas.93.25.14878