What do they think and why it matters? Views of administrators and faculty on the use of Massively Multiplayer Online Games for Learning

Adedoyin, 2020, COVID-19 pandemic and online learning: the challenges and opportunities, Interactive Learning Environments, 1, 10.1080/10494820.2020.1813180 Barr, 2018 Basri, 2020, Factors influencing learner autonomy and autonomy support in a faculty of education, Teaching in Higher Education, 1, 10.1080/13562517.2020.1798921 Author. (2020). Author. (2020a). Author et al. (2018). Author et al. (2017). Bayeck, 2020, Exploring video games and learning in South Africa: an integrative review, Educational Technology Research and Development, 68, 2775, 10.1007/s11423-020-09764-7 Berg Marklund, 2016, Educational games in practice: the challenges involved in conducting a game-based curriculum, Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 14, 122 Betancourt-Odio, 2021, Self-perceptions on digital competences for M-learning and education sustainability: a study with teachers from different countries, Sustainability, 13, 343, 10.3390/su13010343 Betts, 2020, The Quest for Learning: promoting Engagement and Disciplinary Literacy Through Game-Based Quests, 203 Bland, L.R. (2020). Teacher perspectives of project-based learning implementation in middle-grade classrooms [Doctoraldissertation]. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=9787&context=dissertations. Boletsis, C., & Karahasanovic, A. (2020). Immersive technologies in retail: practices of augmented and virtual reality. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computer-Human Interaction Research and Applications. doi:10.5220/0010181702810290. Browne, J. (2018). Perceptions of pre-service teachers', guidance counsellors' and school administrators' towards youth who participate in video game play (Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland). https://research.library.mun.ca/13659/1/thesis.pdf. Burçin Hamutoğlu, 2020, External and internal barriers in technology integration: a structural regression analysis, Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 19, 017, 10.28945/4497 Butt, 2021, Let's play: me and my AI-powered avatar as one team, Psychology & Marketing, 10.1002/mar.21487 Camarero, 2021, The effect of use, overuse, and appeal of mobile game app on add-ons purchases and players recruitment, Journal of Organizational and End User Computing, 33, 59, 10.4018/JOEUC.20210301.oa4 Campbell, 2021, On the cusp of profound change: science teacher education in and beyond the pandemic, J Sci Teacher Educ, 1, 10.1080/1046560X.2020.1857065 Carbonaro, 2021, Effective leadership for overcoming ICT challenges in higher education Carminati, 2018, Generalizability in qualitative research: a tale of two traditions, Qual Health Res, 28, 2094, 10.1177/1049732318788379 Chan, 2020, A hermeneutic phenomenological study of students' and school counsellors' “lived experiences” of cyberbullying and bullying, Comput Educ, 146, 10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103755 Choi, 2020, Commercial video games and cognitive functions: video game genres and modulating factors of cognitive enhancement, Behavioral and Brain Functions, 16, 10.1186/s12993-020-0165-z Clark, 2015, Digital games, design, and learning: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Rev Educ Res, 86, 79, 10.3102/0034654315582065 Crowther, 2020, From description to interpretive LEAP: using philosophical notions to unpack and surface meaning in hermeneutic phenomenology research, Int J Qual Methods, 19, 10.1177/1609406920969264 Dlab, M.H., Hoic-Bozic, N., Mezak, J., & Zunic, M. (2020, September). Supporting Croatian Primary School Teachers in Designing Game Based Learning Activities: a Case Study. In ECGBL 2020 14th European Conference on Game-Based Learning (p. 125). Academic Conferences limited. doi:10.34190/gbl.20.058. Dillon, 2020 Dimitriadou, 2020, Challenges in serious game design and development: educators’ experiences, Simul Gaming Eisenhart, 2009, Generalization from qualitative inquiry. Generalizing from educational research, Beyond qualitative and quantitative polarization, 51 Elkington, 2021, E-Leadership as Enabling Function for Technology-enriched Learning. Effective Leadership for Overcoming ICT Challenges in Higher Education: what Faculty, 59 Erickson, 2021, Learning through video games: the impacts of competition and cooperation, E-Learning and Digital Media, 18, 1, 10.1177/2042753020949983 Ferdig, 2020 Freeman, G., & Maloney, D. (2021). Body, avatar, and me. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 4(CSCW3), 1–27. doi:10.1145/3432938. Frechette, 2020, Capturing lived experience: methodological considerations for interpretive phenomenological inquiry, Int J Qual Methods, 19, 10.1177/1609406920907254 Fotaris, P. (2020). ECGBL 2020 14th European conference on game-based learning. Academic Conferences limited. Fries, 2020, Practicing connections: a framework to guide instructional design for developing understanding in complex domains, Educ Psychol Rev Fu, K., Yuan, Y., Mai, E.L.C., & He, J. (2020, September). A Systematic Literature Review to Identify Empirical Evidence on the Game Design Framework and Model of Games-Based Learning. In ECGBL 2020 14th European Conference on Game-Based Learning (p. 177). Academic Conferences limited. doi:10.34190/gbl.20.038. Gallagher, 2019, Playing video games makes us fully human, Nautilus Gandhi, 2021, An exploration of mental health discussions in live streaming gaming communities, Front Psychol, 12, 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.575653 Grande-de-Prado, 2021, Edu-Escape Rooms, Encyclopedia, 1, 12, 10.3390/encyclopedia1010004 Greipl, 2020, Potential and limits of game-based learning, International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, 12, 363, 10.1504/IJTEL.2020.110047 Heidegger, 1988 Hewett, 2021, Embracing Video Games for Strategic Thinking, Collaboration, and Communication Skills Practice, 184 Hewett, 2020, The acquisition of 21st-Century skills through video games: minecraft design process models and their web of class roles, Simul Gaming, 51, 336, 10.1177/1046878120904976 Hodges, 2021, Pedagogy, partnership, and collaboration: a longitudinal, empirical study of serious educational Gameplay in secondary biology classrooms, J Sci Educ Technol, 10.1007/s10956-020-09868-y Hollister, 2020, The Information worlds of online role-players, Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science, 31, 223 Homer, 2020, 2 Games as Playful Learning: implications of Developmental Theory for Game-Based Learning, Handbook of Game-Based Learning, 25 Ifinedo, 2021, Understanding the influence of context in technology integration from teacher educators’ perspective, Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 1 Jacob, M., Devlin, S., & Hofmann, K. (2020, October). “It's Unwieldy and It Takes a Lot of Time”—Challenges and Opportunities for Creating Agents in Commercial Games. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 88–94). Jacob, 2012, Writing interview protocols and conducting interviews: tips for students new to the field of qualitative research, The Qualitative Report, 17, 1 Johnson, L., Adams Becker, S., Estrada, V., & Freeman, A. (2015). The NMC Horizon Report: 2015 Higher Education Edition. New Media Consortium. Koizumi, 2020, Video games: the once sustainable industry is in need of policy, Advances in Information and Communication Research, 173 Koles, 2021, Digital object attachment, Curr Opin Psychol, 39, 60, 10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.07.017 Koles, 2014, Individual and professional development in the digital age: towards a conceptual model of virtual worlds for organizations, Management Research Review, 37, 288, 10.1108/MRR-10-2012-0225 Kosa, 2020, The role of need satisfaction in explaining intentions to purchase and play in Pokemon go and the moderating role of prior experience, Psychology of Popular Media Lee, 2021, Understanding massively multiplayer online role-playing game addiction: a hedonic management perspective, Information Systems Journal, 31, 33, 10.1111/isj.12292 Leung, 2015, Validity, reliability, and generalizability in qualitative research, J Family Med Prim Care, 4, 324, 10.4103/2249-4863.161306 Ma, 2019, Exploring how instructional leadership affects teacher efficacy: a multilevel analysis, Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49, 188, 10.1177/1741143219888742 Machado, 2015, Integrating technology: the principals’ role and effect, International Education Studies, 8, 10.5539/ies.v8n5p43 Maxwell, 2020, Why qualitative methods are necessary for generalization, Qualitative Psychology Mochizuki, 2021, Simulation games as a catalyst for social learning: the case of the water-food-energy nexus game, Global Environmental Change, 66, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102204 Molenda, 2020 Mortimore-Smith, 2020, Literacy Practice and Play: participatory Culture in the MMORPG, FFXIV: a Realm Reborn, 96 Müller, 2021, COVID-19 emergency eLearning and beyond: experiences and perspectives of University educators, Education Sciences, 11, 19, 10.3390/educsci11010019 Müller, 2021, Intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion regulation and identity: a preliminary study of avatar identification and gaming in adolescents and young adults, Psychiatry Res, 295, 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113627 Mintrop, 2020 Ochsner, 2017, Implementing Game-Based Tools: exploring the Roles of a Teacher Maverick, Administrative Champion, and IT Pioneer, Educational Technology, 44 Ok, 2021, Extraversion, loneliness, and problematic game use: a longitudinal study, Pers Individ Dif, 168, 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110290 Oliver, 2011, Comprehensive curriculum reform in higher education: collaborative engagement of Faculty and administrators, Journal of case studies in education, 2 Özgenel, 2021, The effect of quality of life work on organizational commitment: a comparative analysis on school administrators and teachers, İlköğretim Online, 20 Pak, 2020, The adaptive challenges of curriculum implementation: insights for educational leaders driving standards-based reform, AERA Open, 6, 10.1177/2332858420932828 Palomo-Duarte, 2020, Evidence-based assessment of student performance in virtual worlds, Sustainability, 13, 244, 10.3390/su13010244 Pedro, 2020, Bridging intellectual capital, sustainable development and quality of life in higher education institutions, Sustainability, 12, 479, 10.3390/su12020479 Peña Pérez Negrón, 2020, Cutting-edge technology for video games, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 291 Peterson, 2020, A review of research on the application of digital games in foreign language education, New Technological Applications for Foreign and Second Language Learning and Teaching, 69, 10.4018/978-1-7998-2591-3.ch004 Plass, 2020 Plass, 2014, Playful learning: an integrated design framework, White paper, 2, 2014 Polly, 2020, Examining barriers and desired supports to increase faculty members’ use of digital technologies: perspectives of faculty, staff and administrators, Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 33, 135, 10.1007/s12528-020-09259-7 Poole, 2020, A systematic review of digital games in second language learning studies, International Journal of Game-Based Learning, 10, 1, 10.4018/IJGBL.2020070101 Prensky, 2010 Raygan, 2020, Factors influencing technology integration in an EFL context: investigating EFL teachers’ attitudes, TPACK level, and educational climate, Computer Assisted Language Learning, 1, 10.1080/09588221.2020.1839106 Rezvani, M.H. and Khabiri, D., 2018, November. Gamers' Behavior and Communication Analysis in Massively Multiplayer Online Games: a Survey. In 2018 2nd national and 1st international digital games research conference: Trends, technologies, and applications (DGRC) (pp. 61–69). IEEE. Romero, 2020, Computers in secondary schools, educational games, Encyclopedia of Education and Information Technologies, 420, 10.1007/978-3-030-10576-1_31 Sage, R. (2021). Examining Twitch as a Multimodal Learning Platform. In International Conference The Future of Education Edition 11. https://conference.pixel-online.net/FOE/acceptedabstracts_scheda.php?id_abs=4362. Saldaña, J. (2009). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (1st ed.). Retrieved from http://stevescollection.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/8/6/13866629/saldana_2009_the-coding-manual-for-qualitative-researchers.pdf. Sawatsky, 2020, Autonomy and professional identity formation in residency training: a qualitative study, Med Educ, 54, 616, 10.1111/medu.14073 Schrader, 2019, Assessing Learning from, with, and in Games Revisited: a Heuristic for Emerging Methods and Commercial Off-the-Shelf Games, 13 Selfe, 2004 Sharma, 2020, Ethics and generalizability in qualitative research, Ethics, Ethnocentrism and Social Science Research, 6, 10.4324/9780429270260-2 Shoshani, 2021, The Fortnite social paradox: the effects of violent-cooperative multi-player video games on children's basic psychological needs and prosocial behavior, Comput Human Behav, 116, 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106641 Shoshani, 2021, Video games and close relations: attachment and empathy as predictors of children's and adolescents' video game social play and socio-emotional functioning, Comput Human Behav, 114, 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106578 Singh, 2020, Quality of work life and job performance: a study of faculty working in the technical institutions, Higher Education Quarterly Smith, 2018, Generalizability in qualitative research: misunderstandings, opportunities and recommendations for the sport and exercise sciences, Qualitative research in sport, exercise and health, 10, 137, 10.1080/2159676X.2017.1393221 Sloan, 2014, Phenomenology and hermeneutic phenomenology: the philosophy, the methodologies and using hermeneutic phenomenology to investigate lecturers' experiences of curriculum design, Qual Quant, 48, 1291, 10.1007/s11135-013-9835-3 Subramanian, 2021, Systematic Review of Design Guidelines for Full-Body Interactive Games, Interact Comput Suddick, 2020, The Work of Hermeneutic Phenomenology, Int J Qual Methods, 19, 10.1177/1609406920947600 Suleiman, 2020, Effective utilization of ICT tools in higher education, Journal of Xidian University, 14 Syahrizal, A., Purwandari, B., Mishbah, M., & Dzulfikar, M.F. (2020). Buying the unreal.Drivers of Virtual Item Purchase in Video Games. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Software Engineering and Information Management. doi:10.1145/3378936.3378948. Tejasvee, 2021, Digital Learning: a Proficient Digital Learning Technology Beyond to Classroom and Traditional Learning, 303 Tikkanen, 2019, Lessons learnt from a large-scale curriculum reform: the strategies to enhance development work and reduce reform-related stress, Journal of Educational Change, 21, 543, 10.1007/s10833-019-09363-1 Timotheou, 2021, Understanding technology integration into the classroom as a systemic and socially situated initiative, International Journal on E-Learning, 20, 59 Tomita, 2021, Challenges implementing qualitative research methods in a study of instructional design practice, TechTrends, 10.1007/s11528-020-00569-2 Toquero, 2020, Emergency remote education experiment amid COVID-19 pandemic, IJERI: International Journal of Educational Research and Innovation, 162, 10.46661/ijeri.5113 Ustun, V., Kumar, R., Reilly, A., Sajjadi, S., & Miller, A. (2021). Adaptive Synthetic Characters for Military Training. arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.02185. Utami, 2020, Teachers’ Perceptions, Planning, and Implementation of Game-Based Learning in English Extracurricular Program (A Case Of Smp 40 Semarang), English Education Journal, 10, 307, 10.15294/eej.v10i1.36574 Veletsianos, 2010 Vican, 2020, Metrics, Money, and Managerialism: faculty Experiences of Competing Logics in Higher Education, J Higher Educ, 91, 139, 10.1080/00221546.2019.1615332 Williamson, 2021, Education Technology Seizes a Pandemic Opening, Current History, 120, 15, 10.1525/curh.2021.120.822.15 Wolf, 2020 Yang, 2020, An investigation of game behavior in the context of digital game-based learning: an individual difference perspective, Comput Human Behav, 112, 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106432 Yoon, 2018, Predictive power of grit, professor support for autonomy and learning engagement on perceived achievement within the context of a flipped classroom, Active Learning in Higher Education, 21, 233, 10.1177/1469787418762463 Zeng, 2020, To learn scientifically, effectively, and enjoyably: a review of educational games, Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2, 186, 10.1002/hbe2.188 Zhang, R., McNeese, N.J., Freeman, G., & Musick, G. (2021). "An ideal human". Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 4(CSCW3), 1–25. doi:10.1145/3432945. Zhao, 2019