Western Antarctic Peninsula physical oceanography and spatio–temporal variability

Anderson, 2002

Barnett, 2001, Detection of anthropogenic climate change in the world's oceans, Science, 292, 270, 10.1126/science.1058304

Beardsley, 2004, Drifter measurements of surface currents near Marguerite Bay on the western Antarctic Peninsula shelf during austral summer and fall, 2001 and 2002, Deep-Sea Research II, 51, 1947, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.07.031

Buell, 1975, The topography of empirical orthogonal functions, 188

Buell, 1979, On the physical interpretation of empirical orthogonal functions, 112

Cane, 1986, Experimental forecasts of El-Niño, Nature, 321, 827, 10.1038/321827a0

Carmack, 1977, Water characteristics of the Southern Ocean south of the Polar Front, 15

Comiso, 1995

Comiso, 1995, Sea-ice geophysical parameters from SMMR and SSMI data, 321

Comiso, 1997, Passive microwave algorithms for sea ice concentration: a comparison of two techniques, Remote Sensing of Environment, 60, 357, 10.1016/S0034-4257(96)00220-9

Cook, 2005, Retreating glacial fronts on the Antarctic Peninsula over the past half-century, Science, 308, 541, 10.1126/science.1104235

Deacon, 1937, The hydrology of the Southern Ocean, Discovery Reports, 15, 1

Dierssen, 2000, Optimizing models for remotely estimating primary production in Antarctic coastal waters, Antarctic Science, 12, 20, 10.1017/S0954102000000043

Dierssen, 2002, Glacial meltwater dynamics in coastal waters west of the Antarctic Peninsula, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99, 1790, 10.1073/pnas.032206999

Dinniman, 2004, A model study of circulation and cross-shelf exchange on the west Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf, Deep-Sea Research II, 51, 2003, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.07.030

Fahrbach, 1998, Gradual warming of the Weddell Sea Deep and Bottom Water, Filchner-Ronne ice shelf program, 24

Fogt, 2006, Decadal variability of the ENSO teleconnection to the high latitude South Pacific governed by coupling with the Southern Annular Mode, Journal of Climate, 19, 979, 10.1175/JCLI3671.1

Garibotti, 2003, Composition and biomass of phytoplankton assemblages in coastal Antarctic waters: a comparison of chemotaxonomic and microscopic analyses, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 247, 27, 10.3354/meps247027

Garibotti, 2005, Interannual variability in the distribution of the phytoplankton standing stock across the seasonal sea-ice zone west of the Antarctic Peninsula, Journal of Plankton Research, 27, 825, 10.1093/plankt/fbi056

Gill, 1973, Circulation and bottom water production in the Weddell Sea, Deep-Sea Research, 20, 111

Gille, 2002, Warming of the Southern Ocean since the 1950s, Science, 295, 1275, 10.1126/science.1065863

Giulivi, 1997

Gordon, 1971, Oceanography of Antarctic waters, Antarctic Research Series, 15, 169, 10.1029/AR015p0169

Gordon, 1971, Antarctic polar front zone, Antarctic Research Series, 15, 205, 10.1029/AR015p0205

Gruber, 1997, Global patterns of marine nitrogen fixation and denitrification, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 11, 235, 10.1029/97GB00077

Hall, 2002, Synchronous variability in the Southern Hemisphere atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean resulting from the annular mode, Journal of Climate, 15, 3043, 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<3043:SVITSH>2.0.CO;2

Hofmann, 1998, Hydrography and circulation of the Antarctic continental shelf: 150°E to the Greenwich Meridian, vol. 11, 997

Hofmann, 1996, Water mass distribution and circulation west of the Antarctic Peninsula and including Bransfield Strait, vol. 70, 61

Hofmann, 2002, US southern ocean global ecosystems dynamics program, Oceanography: The Oceanography Society, 15, 64, 10.5670/oceanog.2002.22

Howard, 2004, Mixing in the pycnocline over the western Antarctic Peninsula shelf during Southern Ocean GLOBEC, Deep-Sea Research II, 51, 1965, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.08.002

Kalnay, 1996, The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77, 437, 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2

Kaplan, 1998, Analyses of global sea surface temperature 1856–1991, Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 18567, 10.1029/97JC01736

King, 2003, Antarctic Peninsula climate variability and its causes as revealed by analysis of instrumental records, vol. 79, 17

Klinck, 1998, Heat and salt changes on the continental shelf west of the Antarctic Peninsula between January 1993 and January 1994, Journal of Geophysical Research, 7617, 10.1029/98JC00369

Klinck, 2004, Water mass properties and circulation on the west Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf in Austral Fall and Winter 2001, Deep-Sea Research II, 51, 1925, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.08.001

L’Heureux, 2006, Observed relationships between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the extratropical zonal-mean circulation, Journal of Climate, 19, 276, 10.1175/JCLI3617.1

Large, W.G., Yaeger, S.G., 2004. Diurnal to decadal global forcing for ocean and sea-ice models: the data sets and flux climatologies, NCAR/TN-460+STR, NCAR Technical Note, 105pp.

Large, 1994, Ocean vertical mixing: a review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization, Reviews of Geophysics, 32, 363, 10.1029/94RG01872

Lefebvre, W., Goosse, H., Timmermann, R., Fichefet, T., 2004. Influence of the Southern Annular Mode on the sea ice-ocean system. Journal of Geophysical Research 109, C09005 [doi:10.1029/2004JC002403].

Liu, 2004, Interpretation of recent Antarctic sea ice variability, Geophysical Research Letters, 31

Marshall, 2003, Trends in the Southern Annular Mode from observations and reanalysis, Journal of Climate, 16, 4134, 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<4134:TITSAM>2.0.CO;2

Martinson, 1990, Evolution of the Southern Ocean winter mixed layer and sea ice: open ocean deepwater formation and ventilation, Journal of Geophysical Research, 95, 11641, 10.1029/JC095iC07p11641

Martinson, 1991, Open ocean convection in the Southern Ocean, 37

Martinson, 1998, Antarctic ocean-ice interaction: implications from ocean bulk property distributions in the Weddell Gyre, vol. 74, 243

Martinson, 2003, Spatial/temporal patterns in Weddell Gyre characteristics and their relationship to global climate, Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 10.1029/2000JC000538

Martinson, 2001, Future of the Arctic sea ice cover: implications of an Antarctic analog, Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 307, 10.1029/2000GL011549

Martinson, 1981, A convective model for the Weddell polynya, Journal of Physical Oceanography, ll, 466, 10.1175/1520-0485(1981)011<0466:ACMFTW>2.0.CO;2

Martinson, D.G., Iannuzzi, R.A., Allspaw, S., 1999. CTD Operations Manual-RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer. Antarctic Support Associates Technical Report.

Massom, 2006, Extreme anomalous atmospheric circulation in the West Antarctic Peninsula Region in austral spring and summer 2001/02, and its profound impact on sea ice and biota, Journal of Climate, 19, 3544, 10.1175/JCLI3805.1

McPhee, 1996, The Antarctic Zone flux experiment, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77, 1232, 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<1221:TAZFE>2.0.CO;2

McPhee, 1999, Ocean heat flux in the Central Weddell Sea during winter, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 29, 1166, 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<1166:OHFITC>2.0.CO;2

Mellor, 1982, Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems, Rev, Geophys., 20, 851, 10.1029/RG020i004p00851

Meredith, 2005, Rapid climate change in the ocean west of the Antarctic Peninsula during the second half of the 20th century, Geophysical Research Letters, 32, 10.1029/2005GL024042

Moffat, C., Beardsley, R., Limeburner, R., Owens, B., Hyatt, J., 2005. Southern Ocean GLOBEC Moored array and automated weather station data report. WHOI Tech. Report WHOI-2005-07, 134pp.

Moffat, 2008, A first description of the Antarctic Peninsula Coastal Current, Deep-Sea Research II, 55, 277, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.10.003

Montgomery, 1958, Water characteristics of Atlantic Ocean and of World Ocean, Deep-Sea Research, 5, 134, 10.1016/0146-6313(58)90004-2

Mosby, H., 1934. The waters of the Atlantic Antarctic Ocean. Scientific results of the Norwegian Antarctic Expeditions 1927–1928, Nos. 10–11, pp. 117 (English translation).

Orsi, 2005, Hydrographic atlas of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE)

Orsi, 1995, On the meridional extent and fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Deep-Sea Research I, 42, 641, 10.1016/0967-0637(95)00021-W

Pacanowski, 1981, Parameterization of vertical mixing in numerical models of tropical oceans, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 11, 1443, 10.1175/1520-0485(1981)011<1443:POVMIN>2.0.CO;2

Parkinson, 2002, Trends in the length of the Southern Ocean Sea Ice Season, 1979–1999, Annals of Glaciology, 34, 435, 10.3189/172756402781817482

Parkinson, 2004, Southern Ocean sea ice and its wider linkages: insights revealed from models and observations, Antarctic Science, 16, 387, 10.1017/S0954102004002214

Reid, 1977, On the characteristics and circulation of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 7, 62, 10.1175/1520-0485(1977)007<0062:OTCACO>2.0.CO;2

Richman, 1986, Rotation of principal components, Journal of Climatology, 6, 293, 10.1002/joc.3370060305

Rind, 2001, Climate response to basin-specific changes in latitudinal temperature gradients and implications for sea ice variability, Journal of Geophysical Research, V106, 20161, 10.1029/2000JD900643

Robertson, 2002, Long-term temperature trends in the deep waters of the Weddell Sea, Deep-Sea Research II, 49, 4791, 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00159-5

Sarmiento, 2004, High-latitude controls of thermocline nutrients and low latitude biological productivity, Nature, V427, 56, 10.1038/nature02127

Shevenell, 2002, Antarctic Holocene climate change: A benthic foraminiferal stable isotope record from Palmer Deep, Paleoceanography, 17, 10.1029/2000PA000596

Smith, 2002, Water properties on the west Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf: a model study of effects of surface fluxes and sea ice, Deep-Sea Research II, 49, 4863, 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00163-7

Smith, 2001, Variations of surface air temperature and sea ice extent in the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) region, Annals of Glaciology, 33, 493, 10.3189/172756401781818662

Smith, 1984, Oceanographic bio-optical profiling system, Applied Optics, 23, 2791, 10.1364/AO.23.002791

Smith, 1996, Surface air temperature variations in the western Antarctic Peninsula region, vol. 70, 105

Smith, 1998, Exploring sea ice indices for polar ecosystem studies, BioScience, 48, 83, 10.2307/1313133

Smith, 1998, Seasonal and interannual variability of phytoplankton biomass west of the Antarctic Peninsula, Journal of Marine Systems, 17, 229, 10.1016/S0924-7963(98)00040-2

Smith, R.C., Martinson, D.G., Stammerjohn, S.E., Iannuzzi, R.A., Ireson, K., 2008. Bellingshausen and Western Antarctic Peninsula Region: pigment biomass and sea ice spatial/temporal distributions and interannual variability. Deep-Sea Research II, this issue [doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.04.027].

Smith, 1995, The Palmer LTER: a long-term ecological research program at Palmer Station, Antarctica, Oceanography, 8, 77, 10.5670/oceanog.1995.01

Stammerjohn, 1997, Opposing Southern Ocean climate patterns as revealed by trends in regional sea ice coverage, Climatic Change, 37, 617, 10.1023/A:1005331731034

Stammerjohn, 2003, Ice–atmosphere interactions during sea-ice advance and retreat in the western Antarctic Peninsula region, Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 10.1029/2002JC001543

Stammerjohn, S.E., Martinson, D.G., Smith, R.C., Yuan, X., Rind, D., 2008a. Trends in Antarctic annual sea ice retreat and advance and their relation to El Nino-Southern Oscillation and Southern Annular Mode variability. J. Geophys. Res. 113, C03S90 [doi:10.1029/2007JC004269].

Stammerjohn, S.E., Martinson, D.G., Smith, R.C., Iannuzzi, R.A., 2008b. Sea ice in the Western Antartic Peninsula region: spatio–temporal variability from ecological and climate change perspectives, Deep-Sea Research II, this issue [doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.04.026].

Sverdrup, 1933, On vertical circulation in the ocean due to the action of the wind with application to conditions within the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Discovery Reports, VII, 139

Thompson, 2000, Annular modes in the extratropical circulation. Part II: Trends, Journal of Climate, 13, 1018, 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1018:AMITEC>2.0.CO;2

Thompson, 2002, Interpretation of recent Southern Hemisphere climate change, Science, 296, 895, 10.1126/science.1069270

Tomczak, 1989, Optimum multiparameter analysis of mixing in the thermocline of eastern Indian Ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research, 94, 16141, 10.1029/JC094iC11p16141

Toole, 1981, Sea ice, winter convection, and the temperature minimum layer in the Southern Ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research, 86, 8037, 10.1029/JC086iC09p08037

Turner, 1998, Analysis of synopticscale low pressure systems within the Antarctic Peninsula sector of the circumpolar trough, International Journal of Climatology, 18, 253, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(19980315)18:3<253::AID-JOC248>3.0.CO;2-3

Turner, J, Harangozo, S.A., Marshall, G.J., King, J.C., Colwell, S.R., 2002. Anomalous atmospheric circulation over the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, during the austral summer of 2001/02 resulting in extreme sea-ice conditions. Geophysical Research Letters 29, 2160 [doi:10.1029/2002GL015565].

Turner, 2006, Significant warming of the Antarctic winter troposphere, Science, 311, 1914, 10.1126/science.1121652

Vaughan, 2003, Recent rapid regional climate warming on the Antarctic Peninsula, Climatic Change, 60, 243, 10.1023/A:1026021217991

White, 1996, An Antarctic circumpolar wave in surface pressure, wind, temperature and sea-ice extent, Nature, 380, 699, 10.1038/380699a0

Worthington, 1981, The water masses of the world: some results of a fine-scale census, in evolution of physical oceanography, 42

Wust, 1933, Das bodenwasser und die Gliederung der Atlantischen Tiefsee, Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Atlantischen Expedition auf dem Fourschungs und Vormessungsschiff Meteor 1925–1927, 6, 106

Yuan, 2004, Extra-polar climate impacts on Antarctic sea ice: phenomenon and mechanisms, Antarctic Science, 16, 415, 10.1017/S0954102004002238

Yuan, 2000, Antarctic sea ice extent variability and its global connectivity, Journal of Climate, 13, 1697, 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1697:ASIEVA>2.0.CO;2

Yuan, 2001, The Antarctic dipole and its predictability, Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 3609, 10.1029/2001GL012969