Well Homes Initiative: A Home-Based Intervention to Address Housing-Related Ill Health
Tóm tắt
Six thousand children are hospitalized each year in New Zealand with housing sensitive conditions, and 86.2% of these children are rehospitalized during childhood. The Healthy Homes Initiative, set up by the Ministry of Health, and implemented in Wellington through Well Homes, carries out housing assessments and delivers a range of housing interventions.
Housing assessments were carried out by trained community workers. Philanthropic funding was received for the interventions through a local charitable trust.
Well Homes saw 895 families. Mold in the home was the most commonly recorded area of poor housing quality, in 836 homes (93%). Partial or complete lack of insulation was also common, with 452 records (51%) having a documented need for further assessment and either an upgrade or full installation. Eighty-three percent of homes had insufficient sources of heating. A total of 5,537 interventions were delivered. Bedding, heaters, and draft stopping were delivered over 90% of the time. In contrast, insulation and carpets were only delivered 40% of the time. Interventions were least likely to be delivered in private rental housing.
Targeted interventions using social partnerships can deliver housing improvements for relatively little health spending. Well Homes provides immediate and practical interventions, education, connection with social agencies, and advocacy for more substantial structural home improvements to help families keep their home warmer, drier, and healthier. This approach will be strengthened when combined with a new regulatory framework to raise the standards of private rental housing.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Baker M. G., Gurney J., Oliver J., Moreland N. J., Williamson D. A., Pierse N., Wilson N., Merriman T. R., Percival T., Murray C., Jackson C., Edwards R., Page L. F., Mow F. C., Chong A., Gribben B., Lennon D. (2019). Risk factors for acute rheumatic fever: Literature review and protocol for a case-control study in New Zealand. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(22), 4515. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224515
Bierre S., Bennett M., Howden-Chapman P. (2014). Decent expectations? The interpretation of housing quality standards in tenancy tribunals in New Zealand. New Zealand Universities Law Journal, 26(2), 153-185. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2594584
Braverman P., Barclay C. (2009). Health disparities beginning in childhood: A life-course perspective. Paediatrics, 124(Suppl. 3), S163-S175. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-1100D
Chisholm E., Howden-Chapman P., Fougere G. (2017). Renting in New Zealand: Perspectives from tenant advocates. Kōtuitui, 12(1), 95-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/1177083X.2016.1272471
Chisholm E., Howden-Chapman P., Fougere G. (2018). Tenants’ responses to substandard housing: Hidden and invisible power and the failure of rental housing regulation. Housing, Theory & Society. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/14036096.2018.1538019
Chisholm E., Pierse N., Davies C., Howden-Chapman P. (2019). Promoting health through housing improvements, education and advocacy: Lessons from staff involved in Wellington's Healthy Housing Initiative. Health Promotion Journal of Australia. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpja.247
Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. (2019, April 2). Child and youth wellbeing strategy. https://dpmc.govt.nz/our-programmes/child-and-youth-wellbeing-strategy
Dubb S. (2019). Kaiser makes first investments from $200 million affordable housing fund. https://nonprofitquarterly.org/2019/01/18/kaiser-makes-first-investments-from-200-million-affordable-housing-fund/
Free S., Howden-Chapman P., Pierse N., Viggers H. (2010). More effective home heating reduces school absences for children with asthma. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 64(5), 379-386. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2008.086520
Grimes A., Preval N., Young C., Arnold R., Denne T., Howden-Chapman P., Telfar-Barnard L. (2016). Does retrofitted insulation reduce household energy use? Theory and practice. The Energy Journal, 37(4). https://doi.org/10.5547/01956574.37.4.agri
Health Information Standards Organisation. (2017). HISO 10001: 2017 Ethnicity data protocols. https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/hiso-10001-2017-ethnicity-data-protocols-v2.pdf
Healthy Homes. (2019). Healthy Homes: Revitalizing neighborhoods on Columbus’ south side. https://www.healthyhomesco.org/healthy-homes/
Healthy Housing/He Kainga Oranga. (n.d.). Safe Housing Enabling Long Term Effective Recovery (SHELTER). https://www.healthyhousing.org.nz/research/current-research/safe-housing-enabling-long-term-effective-recovery-shelter/
Howden-Chapman P., Crane J., Chapman R., Fougere G. (2011). Improving health and energy efficiency through community-based housing interventions. International Journal of Public Health, 56(6), 583-588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-011-0287-z
Ige J., Pilkington P., Orme J., Williams B., Prestwood E., Black D. E., Carmichael L., Scally G. J. (2018). The relationship between buildings and health: A systematic review. Journal of Public Health, 41(2), e121-e132. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy138
Israel B. A., 2005, Methods in community-based participatory research for health
Johnson A., Howden-Chapman P., Eaqub S. (2018). A stocktake of New Zealand's housing. https://www.beehive.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2018-02/A%20Stocktake%20Of%20New%20Zealand%27s%20Housing.pdf
Khajehzadeh I., Vale B. (2017). How New Zealanders distribute their daily time between home indoors, home outdoors and out of home. Kōtuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online, 12(1), 17-31. https://doi.org/10.1080/1177083X.2016.1187636
Ministry of Health. (2019). Healthy homes initiative. https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/preventative-health-wellness/healthy-homes-initiative
Ministry of Social Development. (2017, November). Community housing provider operational guidelines – SPOT for Social Housing Tenants. https://www.workandincome.govt.nz/documents/providers/housing-providers/public-housing-providers/irrs-tenancies/operational-guidelines-chps.pdf
Ministry of Social Development. (2018). Housing register. https://www.msd.govt.nz/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/statistics/housing/index.html
New Zealand Ministry of Housing and Urban Development. (2019, February 24). Healthy Homes standards. Retrieved from https://www.hud.govt.nz/residential-housing/healthy-rental-homes/healthy-homes-standards/
Paradise J., Ross D. C. (2017). Linking Medicaid and supportive housing: Opportunities and on-the-ground examples. https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/linking-medicaid-and-supportive-housing-opportunities-and-on-the-ground-examples/
Pierse N., White M., Riggs L. (2019). Healthy Homes Initiative outcomes evaluation service: Initial analysis of health outcomes—Interim report. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/healthy-homes-initiative-outcomes-evaluation-service-initial-analysis-health-outcomes-interim-report
Statistics New Zealand. (2013). Ethnic group (total responses) by age group and sex, for the census usually resident population count, 2001, 2006, and 2013 Censuses (RC, TA). http://nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz/wbos/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=TABLECODE8021&_ga=2.245187973.1664383765.1560297511-424318292.1560297511
Thomson H., Thomas S., Sellstrom E., Petticrew M. (2009). The health impacts of housing improvement: A systematic review of intervention studies from 1887 to 2007. American Journal of Public Health, 99, S681-S692. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2008.143909
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (n.d.). Housing Choice Voucher Program Section 8. https://www.hud.gov/topics/housing_choice_voucher_program_section_8