Web of attributes: analysing residents’ appreciation of a Dutch neighbourhood from a new heritage perspective
Tóm tắt
In the last century, the concept of what can be heritage has expanded in definition, opening to everyday architecture and living environments. More recently, the group of stakeholders to be involved in heritage assessment and management has slowly grown, with authorities acknowledging that heritage significance lies in the representation and identification for people and that people could help define it. Studying the significance of everyday residential neighbourhoods and the inclusion of individual responses creates a demand for new methods. Although in heritage studies these methods remain undefined, studies on housing preferences offer starting points for new approaches. This paper presents a significance assessment of an everyday living environment by its residents, from a new heritage perspective. By analysing individual responses, this research discusses more inclusive methods of assessing significance. A neighbourhood in the Dutch town Almere, is used as a case study. Based on a survey in diary format, residents’ appreciation of their living environment is analysed using values-attributes and means-end theory. Results show that assessments of individual residents consist of chains of tangible and intangible attributes. The paper proposes a new analytical model, the ‘Web of Attributes’, which visualizes residents’ responses and reveals the diversity and relations between the attributes best appreciated in a specific living environment. The Web of Attributes can serve as visual reporting in statements of significance, for listed and non-listed neighbourhoods. By combining theories from housing preferences and heritage significance assessment, this novel research explores narrow the gap between the assessments of heritage and everyday neighbourhoods.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Arnstein, S. (1969). A ladder of Citizen participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35, 216–224.
Atkinson, D. (2007). Kitsch geographies and the everyday spaces of social memory. Environment and Planning A, 39, 521–540.
Australia-ICOMOS. (2013). The Burra charter: The Australia ICOMOS charter for places of cultural significance.
Barzilay, M., Ferwerda, R., & Blom, A. (2018). Predicaat experimentele woningbouw 1968–1980. Xerox/OBT.
Blom, A., Snijders, A., van der Peet, C., Koper-Mosterd, D., Alkemade, F., Burgers, I., Somer, K., van Thoor, M. T., & Lammers, S. (2021). Post 65: inspirerende bouwkunst, ons wereldbeeld in de architectuur van na 1965. Atelier Rijksbouwmeester.
Brouwer, P. (1997). Van stad naar stedelijkheid. Planning en planconceptie van Lelystad en Almere 1959–1974. NAi Uitgevers.
Burie, J. B. (1972). wonen en woongedrag, verkenningen in de sociologie van bouwen en wonen. Boom.
BZK, M. O. (2021). Informatieblad Participatie in de Omgevingswet - Wat regelt de wet? Den Haag.
Cooke, S., & Buckley, K. (2021). Visual research methodologies and the heritage of ‘everyday’ places. In L. J. Rebecca Madgin (Ed.), People-centred methodologies for heritage conservation: exploring emotional attachments to historic urban places. Routledge.
Coolen, H. (2008). The meaning of dwelling features. Conceptual and methodological issues. Delft University of Technology, Delft.
Coolen, H., & Hoekstra, J. (2001). Values as determinants of preferences for housing attributes. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 16, 285–306.
Cotte, M. (2021). The concept of attribute: A basis for the definition, evaluation and management of cultural world heritage properties. In N. Kazuhiko, S. Asuka, & F. Ayano (Eds.), Attributes: A way of understanding OUV. Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties.
Council-of-Europe. (2005). Council of Europe framework convention on the value of cultural heritage for society. Faro, Portugal.
Fairclough, G. (2009). New heritage frontiers. In Heritage and Beyond. Council of Europe Publishing
Faludi, A., & van der Valk, A. J. (1990). De groeikernen als hoekstenen van de Nederlandse ruimtelijke planningsdoctrine. Van Gorcum.
Garrow, H. (2021). Living in and Loving Leith: Using ethnography to explore place attachment and identity processes. In L. J. Rebecca Madgin (Ed.), People-centred methodologies for heritage conservation: Exploring emotional attachments to historic urban places. Routledge.
Glendinning, M. (2013). The conservation movement: A history of architectural preservation; antiquity to modernity. Routledge.
Gosseye, J., Stead, N., & Van der Plaat, D. (2019). Speaking of buildings: Oral history in architectural research. Princeton Architectural Press.
Heijne, K. (2014). Jonge monumenten in Almere. VOER (Visies Op Erfgoed & Ruimte). https://www.platformvoer.nl/jonge-monumenten-in-almere/
Hennink, M., Hutter, I., & Bailey, A. (2011). Qualitative research methods. SAGE Publications.
Howard, P. (2003). Heritage: Management, interpretation. Continuum.
KAW. (2020). Ruimte zat in de stad - Onderzoek naar beter gebruik van de ruimte die we hebben.
Lefebvre, H. C. L. (1987). The everyday and everydayness. In Everyday life (Vol. 73, pp. 7–11). Yale University Press.
De Liagre Böhl, H. (2012). Steden in de Steigers. Stadsvernieuwing in Nederland 1970–1990. Uitgeverij Bert Bakker.
Madgin, R. (2021). Emoji as method: Accessing emotional responses to changing historic spaces. In L. J. Rebecca Madgin (Ed.), People-centred methodologies for heritage conservation: Exploring emotional attachments to historic urban places. Routledge.
Meesters, J. (2009). The meaning of activities in the dwelling and residential environment. A structural approach in people-environment relations. Delft University of Technology.
Nio, I. H. L. (2016). Moderniteit en suburbaniteit in de nieuwe stad. Almere, Cergy-Pontoise, Milton Keynes. Universiteit van Amsterdam.
Onclin, A., & Koningsberger, V. (2021). Handleiding waardering Almeers erfgoed. Nieuwe criteria voor de Post 65 periode. Gemeente Almere.
Pantus, W. J. (2012). Groeikernen in Nederland. In Koopmans, B. (Ed.), Uitgeverij Matrijs.
Pereira Roders, A., & Pottgiesser, U. (2020). 100% heritage for a more sustainable future. Communication BK. Retrieved December 2, 2020 from https://www.tudelft.nl/en/2020/bk/100-heritage-for-a-more-sustainable-future/
PereiraRoders, A. (2007). Re-architecture: Lifespan rehabilitation of built heritage. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven.
Provoost, M. (2022). Een onvoltooid project. Over de toekomst van onze Groeikernen (congreseditie ed.). nai010 uitgevers.
Quaedflieg, J. & Mooij, H. (2013). Bloemkoolwijken: een uitgekookt concept.
Rapoport, A. (1990). The meaning of the built environment: A nonverbal communication approach. University of Arizona Press.
RCE. (2011). Kiezen voor karakter, Visie erfgoed en ruimte.
RCE. (2022). Omgevingsvisie. Retrieved December 29, from https://www.cultureelerfgoed.nl/onderwerpen/omgevingswet/omgevingsvisie
Reijndorp, A., Bijlsma, L., & Nio, I. (2012). Atlas Nieuwe Steden. De verstedelijking van de groeikernen. trancity^valiz i.s.m. INTI.
Reinders, L. (2013). Harde stad, zachte stad - Moderne architectuur en de antropologie van een naoorlogse wijk. Delft University of Technology.
Skounti, A. (2021). Attributes of world heritage outstanding universal value. In N. Kazuhiko, S. Asuka, & F. Ayano (Eds.), Attributes—a way of understanding OUV. Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties.
Sobhani Sanjbod, H., Hermans, L., Reijnders, D., & Veldpaus, L. (2016). Captain, where can we find the attributes? The Historic Environment: Policy and Practice, 7, 177–188.
Somer, K. (2020). Groei, verandering, differentiatie. Architectuur in Nederland 1965–1990.
Spoormans, L. (2021). Almere Stories. D. U. o. Technology. https://themasites.pbl.nl/leefomgevingskwaliteit-erfgoed/ontdekken
Spoormans, L., & Pereira Roders, A. (2021). Methods in assessing the values of architecture in residential neighbourhoods. IJBPA International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 39(3), 490–505.
Steenbergen, C., Reh, W., Nijhuis, S., & Pouderoijen, M. (2009). The Polderatlas of The Netherlands. Pantheon of the Low Lands. Uitgeverij THOTH.
Swanborn, P. G. (1996). Case-study’s: Wat, wanneer en hoe? Boom.
Tan, W., Levelt, M., & Stapper, M. (2019). Ladder op, ladder af: 50 jaar participatie. Rooilijn, 52(3), 160–167.
Thompson, P. (2003). The voice of the past: Oral history. In R. Perks & A. Thomson (Eds.), The oral history reader. Routledge.
Törmä, I., & Gutiérrez, F. (2021). Observing attachment: Understanding everyday life, urban heritage and public space in the Port of Veracruz, Mexico. In R. M. A. J. Lesh (Ed.), People-centred methodologies for heritage conservation, exploring emotional attachments to historic urban places. Routledge.
De la Torre, M., Mason, R. (2002). Introduction. Assessing the Values of Cultural Heritage, Issue.
Tzaninis, Y., & Boterman, W. (2018). Beyond the urban–suburban dichotomy. Shifting mobilities and the transformation of suburbia. City, 22(1), 39–58.
Ubbink, M., & van der Steeg, T. (2011). Bloemkoolwijken: analyse en perspectief. Uitgeverij SUN.
UNESCO. (2011). Proposal concerning the desirabilty of a standard-setting instrument on histroic landscapes. In United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Paris.
Veldpaus, L. (2015). Historic urban landscapes: Framing the integration of urban and heritage planning in multilevel governance. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven.
Waaldijk, M. (2022). SubUrban renewal: A Future for post 65 aesthetic and spatial identity in suburban housing renovation and densification. TU Delft.
Wekker, F. (2016). Planning of the past. Home Cultures, 13(2), 145–167.
Wilke, L. (2018). ‘t Is hier fantastisch: een ode aan Almere. Vrij Nederland (Februari 2018).
Willats, S. (1974). The West London social resource project. Leonardo, 7, 155–158.