Weak states, fast transitions? Exploring the role of actors, governance capacity, and tensions in Indian energy politics

Markard, 2012, Sustainability transitions: an emerging field of research and its prospects, Res. Policy, 41, 955, 10.1016/j.respol.2012.02.013 Schot, 2016 Geels, 2002, Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: a multi-level perspective case-study, Res. Policy, 31, 1257, 10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00062-8 Geels, 2005, Processes and patterns in transitions and system innovations: refining the co-evolutionary multi-level perspective, Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang., 72, 681, 10.1016/j.techfore.2004.08.014 Shove, 2007, CAUTION! Transitions ahead: politics, practice, and sustainable transition management, Environ. Plan. A, 39, 763, 10.1068/a39310 Lawhon, 2012, Contesting power, trust and legitimacy in the south african e-waste transition, Policy. Sci., 45, 69, 10.1007/s11077-012-9146-x Campbell, 2013, Low-carbon yak cheese: transition to biogas in a himalayan socio-technical niche, Interface Focus, 3, 10.1098/rsfs.2012.0052 Vaishnav Geels, 2007, Typology of sociotechnical transition pathways, Res. Policy, 36, 399, 10.1016/j.respol.2007.01.003 Walker, 2000, Entrapment in large technology systems: institutional commitments and power relations, Res. Policy, 29, 833, 10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00108-6 Unruh, 2000, Understanding carbon lock-in, Energy Policy, 28, 817, 10.1016/S0301-4215(00)00070-7 Gopakumar, 2010, Sustainability and the indispensability of politics: a study of sanitation partnerships in urban India, Int. J. Sustain. Soc., 2, 376, 10.1504/IJSSOC.2010.036942 Wieczorek, 2018, Sustainability transitions in developing countries: major insights and their implications for research and policy, Environ. Sci. Pol., 84, 204, 10.1016/j.envsci.2017.08.008 Kemp, 1998, Regime shifts to sustainability through processes of niche formation: the approach of strategic niche management, Tech. Anal. Strat. Manag., 10, 175, 10.1080/09537329808524310 Meadowcroft, 2009, What about the politics? Sustainable development, transition management, and long term energy transitions, Policy. Sci., 42, 323, 10.1007/s11077-009-9097-z Avelino, 2017, Power in sustainability transitions: analysing power and (dis) empowerment in transformative change towards sustainability, Environ. Policy Gov., 27, 505, 10.1002/eet.1777 Avelino, 2009, Power in transition: an interdisciplinary framework to study power in relation to structural change, Eur. J. Soc. Theory, 12, 543, 10.1177/1368431009349830 Lawhon, 2012, Socio-technical regimes and sustainability transitions: insights from political ecology, Prog. Hum. Geogr., 36, 354, 10.1177/0309132511427960 Tyfield, 2014, Putting the power in ‘socio-technical regimes’–E-mobility transition in China as political process, Mobilities, 9, 585, 10.1080/17450101.2014.961262 Smink, 2015, Keeping sustainable innovation on a leash? Exploring incumbents’ institutional strategies, Bus. Strat. Env., 24, 86, 10.1002/bse.1808 Wesseling, 2014, Car manufacturers’ changing political strategies on the ZEV mandate, Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ., 33, 196, 10.1016/j.trd.2014.06.006 Yuana, 2020, A dramaturgy of critical moments in transition: understanding the dynamics of conflict in socio-political change, Environ. Innov. Soc. Trans., 37, 156, 10.1016/j.eist.2020.08.009 Zuev, 2019, Where is the politics? E-bike mobility in urban China and civilizational government, Environ. Innov. Soc. Trans., 30, 19, 10.1016/j.eist.2018.07.002 Raven, 2007, Niche accummulation and hybridisation strategies in transition processes towards a sustainable energy system: an assessment of differences and pitfalls, Energy Policy, 35, 2390, 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.09.003 Geels, 2016, The enactment of socio-technical transition pathways. A reformulated typology and a comparative multi-level analysis of the German and UK low-carbon electricity transitions (1990–2014), Res. Policy, 45, 896, 10.1016/j.respol.2016.01.015 Hess, 2013, Industrial fields and countervailing power. The transformation of distributed solar energy in the United States, Glob. Environ. Chang. Part A, 23, 847, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.01.002 Berggren, 2015, Transition pathways revisited. Established firms as multi-level actors in the heavy vehicle industry, Res. Policy, 44, 1017, 10.1016/j.respol.2014.11.009 de Haan, 2011, Patterns in transitions: understanding complex chains of change, Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang., 78, 90, 10.1016/j.techfore.2010.10.008 Hansen, 2018, Sustainability transitions in developing countries: stocktaking, new contributions and a research agenda, Environ. Sci. Pol., 84, 198, 10.1016/j.envsci.2017.11.009 Lund, 2006, Twilight institutions: public authority and local politics in Africa, Dev. Chang., 37, 685, 10.1111/j.1467-7660.2006.00497.x Verbong, 2010, Strategic niche management in an unstable regime: biomass gasification in India, Environ. Sci. Pol., 13, 272, 10.1016/j.envsci.2010.01.004 Herslund, 2018, Conditions and opportunities for green infrastructure–aiming for green, water-resilient cities in Addis Ababa and Dar es Salaam, Landsc. Urban Plan., 180, 319, 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.10.008 Hess, 2014, Sustainability transitions: a political coalition perspective, Res. Policy, 43, 278, 10.1016/j.respol.2013.10.008 Rüdig, 2020, Green party members and grass-roots democracy: a comparative analysis, Party Polit., 26, 21, 10.1177/1354068818754600 Traugott, 2018 Dunlap, 2016, The political divide on climate change: partisan polarization widens in the US, Environ. Sci. Policy Sustain. Dev., 58, 4, 10.1080/00139157.2016.1208995 McCright, 2011, The politicization of climate change and polarization in the american public's views of global warming, 2001–2010, Sociol. Q., 52, 155, 10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01198.x Hess, 2018, Energy democracy and social movements: a multi-coalition perspective on the politics of sustainability transitions, Energy Res. Soc. Sci., 40, 177, 10.1016/j.erss.2018.01.003 Markard, 2016, Socio-technical transitions and policy change–Advocacy coalitions in swiss energy policy, Environ. Innov. Soc. Trans., 18, 215, 10.1016/j.eist.2015.05.003 Baviskar, 2020, Cows, cars and cycle-rickshaws: bourgeois environmentalists and the battle for Delhi's streets, 391 Geels, 2011, The multi-level perspective on sustainability transitions: responses to seven criticisms, Environ. Innov. Soc. Trans., 1, 24, 10.1016/j.eist.2011.02.002 Ghosh, 2021, Decolonising transitions in the global south: towards more epistemic diversity in transitions research, Environ. Innov. Soc. Trans., 41, 106, 10.1016/j.eist.2021.10.029 Sengers, 2014, Metering motorbike mobility: informal transport in transition?, Tech. Anal. Strat. Manag., 26, 453, 10.1080/09537325.2013.870991 Kathuria, 2004, Impact of CNG on vehicular pollution in Delhi: a note, Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ., 9, 409, 10.1016/j.trd.2004.05.003 Saxena, 2012, Status of air pollutants after implementation of CNG in Delhi, Curr. World Environ., 7, 109, 10.12944/CWE.7.1.17 Bell, 2004, Clearing the air: how Delhi broke the logjam on air quality reforms, Environ. Sci. Policy Sustain. Dev., 46, 22, 10.1080/00139150409604376 Mehta Singh, 2014 Singh, 2021, Analysing acceptability of E-rickshaw as a public transport innovation in Delhi: a responsible innovation perspective, Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang., 170, 10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120908 Dutt, 2022, How power and politics shape niche-regime interactions: a view from the global south, Environ. Innov. Soc. Trans., 43, 320, 10.1016/j.eist.2022.04.008 Trampusch, 2016, Between X and Y: how process tracing contributes to opening the black box of causality, New Polit. Econ., 21, 437, 10.1080/13563467.2015.1134465 Collier, 2011, Understanding process tracing, Polit. Sci. Polit., 44, 823, 10.1017/S1049096511001429 Beach, 2019 Punton, 2015 Mehta Narain Sharma, 1996 Anon, 1999 Anon, 2001 Anon, 2001 Anon, 2001 Majumder, 2002 Anon, 2001 Anon, 2002 Agarwal, 2001 Shandilya, 2019 Bhardwaj, 2014 Harding, 2014, The battery rickshaw crisis in New Delhi, J. Indian Law Soc., 6, 74 Gupta, 2021, Why e-rickshaws have emerged a winner in transition to electric mobility race Jamil Padmanabhan, 2014 Anon, 2014 Kumar Priye, 2021 Bhasin, 2014 Harding, 2014, Battery rickshaws in New Delhi and the regulation conundrum, Econ. Polit. Wkly., 43 Verma, 2014 Kalra, 2014 Bansal Bhattacharya, 2013 Bhardwaj, 2014 Ahmed, 2014 PTI, 2014 PTI, 2014 Anjaria, 2011, Ordinary states: Everyday corruption and the politics of space in Mumbai, Am. Ethnol., 38, 58, 10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01292.x TNN, 2014 Venkataramakrishnan, 2014 Chakravartty, 2013 Apoorva, 2014 IANS, 2015 2015 PTI, 2016 Parks, 2017 Nyamadzawo, 2019 Rajagopal, 2021 Johnstone, 2018, Sustainability transitions and the state, Environ. Innov. Soc. Trans., 27, 72, 10.1016/j.eist.2017.10.006 Rajamani, 2007, Public interest environmental litigation in India: exploring issues of access, participation, equity, effectiveness and sustainability, J. Environ. Law, 19, 293, 10.1093/jel/eqm020 Bhan, 2009, “This is no longer the city I once knew”. Evictions, the urban poor and the right to the city in millennial Delhi, Environ. Urban., 21, 127, 10.1177/0956247809103009 Bhuwania, 2018, The case that felled a city: examining the politics of Indian public interest litigation through one case, South Asia Multidiscip. Acad. J., 10.4000/samaj.4469 Tiwari, 2014, The role of cycle rickshaws in urban transport: today and tomorrow, Transfers, 4, 83, 10.3167/TRANS.2014.040107 Véron, 2006, Remaking urban environments: the political ecology of air pollution in Delhi, Environ. Plan. A, 38, 2093, 10.1068/a37449