Wave energy conversion using a small tubular free-floating device
Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy - Trang 1-13 - 2023
Tóm tắt
Wave energy devices traditionally tend to be large, as their sizes are often determined by power conversion targets and their operating wave climates. Here we examine a size-constrained device designed to fit within narrow tubes, and using well-known analysis techniques show that converted power amounts may be large enough to meet or exceed the needs of instrumentation to serve a majority of oceanographic and defense ocean measurement needs. The device examined in this paper is designed to fit within, and to be deployed from, torpedo tubes or other equivalently sized cylindrical containers. Examined in this paper is a traditional tubular oscillating water column device, and particular interest here is in designs that lead to optimization of power converted in anticipated wave climates. A two-step design procedure is investigated here, wherein a more approximate two-degree-of-freedom model is first used to identify relative dimensions (of device elements) that optimize power conversion from relative oscillations between the device elements. A more rigorous mathematical model based on the hydrodynamics of oscillating pressure distributions within solid oscillators is then used to provide the hydrodynamic coefficients, forces, and flow rates for the device. These results are next used together with a power take-off model, to provide a quick but rigorous way to estimate the energy conversion performance of the device in various wave climates. A power take-off based on a self-rectifying turbine system is used, and its representative conductance and susceptance values are derived for a chosen geometry and configuration. Calculations are carried out to illustrate the design procedure, and converted power values exceeding ten watts are noted in wind-sea like conditions. Further, performance comparisons with solar panels in Arctic latitudes indicate that such designs may yield considerably better energy conversion during seasons of low insolation. These devices could be designed to convert enough power to perform designated ocean measurement operations while storing any excess energy to support vehicle recharging operations.
Tài liệu tham khảo
ARGO (2022) The Argo project. https://argo.ucsd.edu/. Accessed 15 Apr 2022
Budal K, Falnes J (1978) Wave power conversion by point absorbers. Nor Marit Res 6(4):2–11
Cummins W (1962) The impulse response function and ship motions. Tech. rep, David Taylor Model Basin DTNSRDC
Driscol BP, Gish LA, Coe RG (2020) A scoping study to determine the location-specific wec threshold size for wave-powered auv recharging. IEEE J Ocean Eng. https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2020.2973032
Evans DV (1982) Wave power absorption by systems of oscillating surface pressure distributions. J Fluid Mech 114:481–499
Falcão A, Henriques J (2016) Oscillating water column wave energy converters and air turbines: a review. Renew Energy 85:1391–1424
Falcão AF, Justino PA (1999) OWC wave energy devices with air flow control. Ocean Eng 26(12):1275–1295. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0029-8018(98)00075-4
Falnes J, McIver P (1985) Surface wave interactions with systems of oscillating bodies and pressure distributions. Appl Ocean Res 7(4):225–234
Gato LM, Falcão AFO (1984) On the theory of the Wells turbine. ASME J Eng Gas Turbines Power 106:628–633
Gomes RPF, Henriques JCC, Gato LMC, de Falcão AFO (2012) Hydrodynamic optimization of an axisymmetric floating oscillating water column for wave energy conversion. Renew Energy 44:328–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.01.105
Henriques J, Portillo J, Gato L, Gomes R, Ferreira D, Falcão A (2016) Design of oscillating water column wave energy converters with an application to self-powered sensor buoys. Energy 112:852–867
Jeffreys R, Whittaker T (1986) Latching control of an oscillating water column device with air compressibility. In: Evans DV, Falcão AFO (eds) Hydrodynamics of Ocean wave energy utilization, IUTAM. Springer, Berlin, pp 281–291
Korde UA (2002) Latching control of deep water wave energy devices using an active reference. Ocean Eng 29:1343–1355
Korde U (2019) Wave energy conversion under wave-by-wave impedance matching with amplitude and phase-match limits. Appl Ocean Res 90:101858
Korde U, Ertekin R (2015) Wave energy conversion by floating and submerged buoys. J Ocean Eng Mar Energy 1(3):255–272
Korde UA, Ringwood JV (2016) Hydrodynamic control of wave energy devices. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Korde U, Song J, Robinett R, Abdelhalik O (2017) Hydrodynamic design and near-optimal wave-by-wave control of a small wave energy device for ocean measurement applications. Mar Technol Soc J 51(6):1–14
Korde UA, Gish LA, Bacelli G, Coe RG (2021) Scoping and concept design of a WEC for autonomous power. In: Proceedings of the MTS/IEEE Oceans-21 Conference, Institution of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, NJ, San Diego, CA
Longuet-Higgins MS (1984) Statistical properties of wave groups in a random sea state. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser A 312(1521):219–250
McCormick ME (1981) Ocean Wave Energy Conversion. Wiley, New York (Chap 4. Reissued with revisions by Dover Inc)
Merriam JL, Kraige LG (2007) Engineering mechanics-dynamics (chap 3), 6th edn. Wiley, New York
NASA (2021) Model AE5 simulations: insolation at specified location. https://data.giss.nasa.gov/modelE/ar5plots/srlocat.html
Newman JN (1978) Marine hydrodynamics. MIT Press, Cambridge (Second Printing, Call No. (VM 156.N48))
NREL (2022) Photovoltaic research: best research-cell efficiencies. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html. Accessed May 2022
PacIOOS (2022) Wave Watch-III (WW3) Global Wave Model. Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS), Dataset: NWW3 Global Best
Rosati M, Henriques J, Ringwood J (2022) Oscillating water column wave energy converters: a critical review of numerical modeling and control. Energy Convers Manag 16:100322
Tolman H (2002) User manual and system documentation of WAVEWATCH-III version 2.22. Tech. rep., National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NOAA), Washington, DC
Van Manen JD, Van Oossanen P (1988) Propulsion: theory of propeller action. In: Lewis EV (ed) Principles of naval architecture, second revision, vol II. Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, NJ, chap VI, pp 131–143
WG (2022) Wave Glider: energy harvesting ocean robot. https://www.liquid-robotics.com/wave-glider/how-it-works/. Accessed 15 Feb 2022
Whittaker T, McPeake F, Barr A (1985) The development and testing of a wave-activated navigational buoy with a Wells Turbine. J Energy Resour Technol 107(2):268–273