Water vapor transmission properties of acrylic organic coatings

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 18 Số 2 - Trang 523-534 - 2021
Renátó Kovács1, Lajos Daróczi1, Péter Barkóczy2, Eszter Baradács1, Eszter Bakonyi3, Szilvia Kovács4, Zoltán Erdélyi1
1Department of Solid State Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, Debrecen, 4002, Hungary
2FUX Zrt, Miskolc, Hungary
3Hungarian National Museum, Budapest, Hungary
4Department of Agricultural Botany, Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Tóm tắt

Abstract

In this work, we evaluate the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), the permeability (P), solubility (S), and diffusion (D) coefficients of Paraloid B44, Paraloid B72, and Incralac coatings in the temperature range of 5–35°C. The Arrhenius function—diffusion activation energy and preexponential factor—has also been determined from the data:$$D_{B44} = 35.2\;{\text{cm}}^{2} \;{\text{s}}^{ - 1} \exp \left( { - 25\;{\text{kJ mol}}^{ - 1} /{\text{RT}}} \right)$$DB44=35.2cm2s-1exp-25kJ mol-1/RT;$$D_{B72} = 9.5\;{\text{cm}}^{2} \;{\text{s}}^{ - 1} \exp \left( { - 23\;{\text{kJ mol}}^{ - 1} /{\text{RT}}} \right)$$DB72=9.5cm2s-1exp-23kJ mol-1/RT;$$D_{\text{Incralac}} = 622.8\;{\text{cm}}^{2} \;{\text{s}}^{ - 1} { \exp }\left( { - 28\;{\text{kJ mol}}^{ - 1} /{\text{RT}}} \right)$$DIncralac=622.8cm2s-1exp-28kJ mol-1/RT. These resins are important coating materials, for example, for conservators to protect metallic artifacts, such as statues, against corrosion. Despite Paraloid B44 and B72 resins being considered as reference materials in conservation practice, that is, new coating materials (either water vapor retarders or transmitters) are often compared to them, there are no comprehensive data for the quantities describing the vapor permeability (P, S, D) of these materials. The measurements are based on the ISO cup-method using substrate/coating composite samples. The strength of this technique is that it can also be used when the coating is non-self-supporting; nevertheless,P,S,andDcan be deduced for the coating layer itself, and it seems to be a standardizable procedure for comparative performance testing of coating materials. Paraloid B72 layers exhibited higher WVTRs—from 39 to 315 g m−2day−1as the temperature increased from 5 to 35°C—compared to Paraloid B44 and Incralac coatings—from 17 to 190 g m−2 day−1, respectively. The transmission rate parameters were also compared to the results of corrosion tests. Incralac was the most effective corrosion inhibitor, and the performance of the B44 was better than the B72, which is in good agreement with the transmission rate tests.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Funke, W, “Problems and Progress in Organic Coatings Science and Technology.” Prog. Org. Coat., 31 (1–2) 5–9 (1997)

Werner, A, “Synthetic Materials in Art Conservation.” J. Chem. Educ., 58 (4) 321–324 (1981)

Horie, CV, Materials for Conservation—Organic Consolidants: Adhesives and Coatings. Architectural Press, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford (1987)

Boyatzis, S C, Veve, A, Kriezi, G, Karamargiou, G, Kontou, E, Argyropoulos, V, “A Scientific Assessment of the Long-Term Protection of Incralac Coatings on Ancient Bronze Collections in the National Archaeological Museum and the Epigraphic and Numismatic Museum in Athens, Greece.” In: Daehner, J M (ed.) Artistry in Bronze The Greeks and Their Legacy XIXth International Congress on Ancient Bronzes, pp. 300–311. The J. Paul Getty Museum and the Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles (2017)

Funke, W., “Mechanisms of Protecting Metals by Organic Coatings Against Corrosion.” In: Kendig, MW, Leidheiser H, Jr (ed.) Corrosion Protection by Organic Coatings, Electrochemical Proceedings Volume 87–2, The Electrochemical Society Inc., Pennington, NJ (1987)

Švadlena, J, Stoulil, J, “Evaluation of Protective Properties of Acrylate Varnishes Used for Conservation of Historical Metal Artefacts.” Koroze A Ochrana Material, 61 25–31 (2017)

Kapolos, J, Bakaoukas, N, Koliadima, A, Karaiskakis, G, “Evaluation of Acrylic Polymeric Resin and Small Siloxane Molecule for Protecting Cultural Heritage Monuments Against Sulfur Dioxide Corrosion.” Prog. Org. Coat., 59 152–159 (2007)

Farmakalidis, H, Douvas, A, Karatasios, I, Sotiropoulou, S, Boyatzis, S, Argitis, P, Chryssoulakis, Y, Kilikoglou, V, “Accelerated Thermal Ageing of Acrylic Copolymers, Cyclohexanone-based and Urea-aldehyde Resins Used in Paintings Conservation.” Mediterr. Archaeol. Archaeom., 16 213–228 (2016)

Bruhin, S, Hildbrand, E, Sangouard, E, Schramm, J, “Protection of Organic Remains in Alkaline Iron Desalination.” In: ICOM-CC 18th Triennial Conference, Copenhagen (2017), ISBN: 9789290124269

Yang, L, Wang, L, Wang, P, “Investigation of Photo-stability of Acrylic Polymer Paraloid B72 Used for Conservation.” Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology, 19 54–58 (2007)

Carretti, E, Dei, L, “Physicochemical Characterization of Acrylic Polymeric Resins Coating Porous Materials of Artistic Interest.” Prog. Org. Coat., 49 (3) 282–289 (2004)

Wolfe, J, Grayburn, R, “A Review of the Development and Testing of Incralac Lacquer.” J. Am. Inst. Conserv., 56 (3–4) 225–244 (2017)

Koob, S, “The Use of Paraloid B-72 as an Adhesive: Its Application for Archaeological Ceramics and Other Materials.” Stud. Conserv., 31 7–14 (1986)

Toniolo, L, Paradisi, A, Goidanich, S, Pennati, G, “Mechanical Behaviour of Lime Based Mortars After Surface Consolidation.” Const. Build. Mat., 25 1553–1559 (2011)

Ćurković, H, Kosec, T, Marušić, K, Legat, A, “An Electrochemical Impedance Study of the Corrosion Protection of Artificially Formed Patinas on Recent Bronze.” Electrochim. Acta, 83 28–39 (2012)

Constâncio, C, Franco, L, Russo, A, Anjinho, C, Pires, J, Vaz, MF, Carvalho, A, “Studies on Polymeric Conservation Treatments of Ceramic Tiles with Paraloid B-72 and Two Alkoxysilanes.” J. App. Poly. Sci., 116 (5) 2833–2839 (2010)

Vinçotte, A, Beauvoit, E, Boyard, N, Guilminot, E, “Effect of Solvent on PARALOID® B72 and B44 Acrylic Resins Used as Adhesives in Conservation.” Herit. Sci., 7 42 (2019)

Chapman, S, Mason, D, “Literature Review: The Use of Paraloid B-72 as a Surface Consolidant for Stained Glass.” J. Am. Inst. Conserv., 42 381–392 (2003)

Ekstedt, J, Studies on the Barrier Properties of Exterior Wood Coatings. Ph.D Thesis. KTH- Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (2002)

Sangaj, N, Malshe, V, “Permeability of Polymers in Protective Organic Coatings.” Prog. Org. Coat., 50 28–39 (2004)

Carretti, E, Chelazzi, D, Rocchigiani, G, Baglioni, P, Poggi, G, Dei, L, “Interactions Between Nanostructured Calcium Hydroxide and Acrylate Copolymers: Implications in Cultural Heritage Conservation.” Langmuir, 29 9881–9890 (2013)

Walter, GW, “A Critical Review of the Protection of Metals by Paints.” Corr. Sci., 26 (1) 27–38 (1986)

Zhang, Y, Li, X, Wei, B, “Environment-Friendly Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) as an Innovative Consolidant for Ancient Wall Paintings.” Nanomaterials, 8 (9) 649 (2018)

Brasher, DM, Kingsbury, AH, “Electrical Measurements in the Study of Immersed Paint Coatings on Metal. I. Comparison between Capacitance and Gravimetric Methods of Estimating Water-Uptake.” J. Appl. Chem., 4 (2) 62–72 (1954)

Giorgi, R, Baglioni, M, Berti, D, Baglioni, P, “New Methodologies for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: Micellar Solutions, Microemulsions, and Hydroxide Nanoparticles.” Acc. Chem. Res., 43 695–704 (2010)

Watkinson, D, “Preservation of Metallic Cultural Heritage.” In: Cottis, RA (ed.) Shreir’s Corrosion, 4th ed., Vol. 4, pp. 3307–3340. Elsevier, London (2010)

Product of Viner-Pack Company, http://viner.hu/en/home/

EN ISO 7783-1, Determination of Water-Vapor Transmission Rate Part 1: Dish Method for Free Films

Huldén, M, Hansen, CM, “Water Permeation in Coatings.” Prog. Org. Coat., 13 (3–4) 171–194 (1985)

Johansson, P, Lahtinen, K, Kuusipalo, J, Kääriäinen, T, Maydannik, P, Cameron, D, “Atomic Layer Deposition Process for Barrier Applications of Flexible Packaging.” In: TAPPI 2010 PLACE Conference. Albuquerque NM, USA (2010)

Lahtinen, K, Kotkamo, S, Koskinen, T, Auvinen, S, Kuusipalo, J, “Characterization for Water Vapor Barrier and Heat Sealability Properties of Heat-treated Paperboard/Polylactide Structure.” Pack. Tech. Sci., 22 (8) 451–460 (2009)

Lahtinen, K, Kuusipalo, J, “Statistical Prediction Model for Water Vapor Barrier of Extrusion-Coated Paper.” Tappi J, 7 (9) 8–15 (2008)

Kamper, SL, Fennema, O, “Water Vapor Permeability of Edible Bilayer Films.” J. Food Sci., 49 (6) 1478–1481 (1984)

Germadios, A, Weller, CL, Gooding, CH, “Measurement Errors in Water Vapor Permeability of Highly Permeable, Hydrophilic Edible Films.” J. Food Eng., 21 (4) 395–409 (1994)

McCullough, EA, Kwon, M, Shim, H, “A Comparison of Standard Methods for Measuring Water Vapor Permeability of Fabrics.” Meas. Sci. Techol., 14 (8) 1402–1408 (2003)

ASTM G31-72, Standard Practice for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of Metals (2004)

Zhang, X, Chen, G, “Immersion and Electrochemical Tests Study on Corrosion Resistance of Chrome-free Chemical Conversion Film on AZ91D Mg Alloy in 5wt% NaCl Solution.” Surf. Rev. Lett., 12 417–424 (2005)

Cao-Paz, A, Covelo, A, Farina, J, Nóvoa, XR, Pérez, C, Rodriguez-Pardo, L, “Ingress of Water into Organic Coatings: Real-time Monitoring of the Capacitance and Increase in Mass.” Prog. Org. Coat., 69 150–157 (2010)

Kolek, Z, “Water Absorption by Lacquer Coatings.” Pack. Technol. Sci., 9 99–110 (1996)

Podany, J, Garland, K, Freeman, W, Rogers, J, “Paraloid B-72 as a Structural Adhesive and as a Barrier within Structural Adhesive Bonds: Evaluations of Strength and Reversibility.” J. Am. Inst. Conserv., 40 14–33 (2001)

Crank, J, The Mathematics of Diffusion. Clarendon Press, New York (1979)

Lide, DR (ed.) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2005)

Krongauz, VV, Bennett, SE, Ling, MTK, “Kinetics of Water Vapor Diffusion in Resins.” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 125 231–243 (2016)

Wolfe, J, Grayburn, R, Khanjian, H, Heginbotham, A, Phenix, A, “Deconstructing Incralac: A Formulation Study of Acrylic Coatings for the Protection of Outdoor Bronze Sculpture.” In: ICOM-CC 18th Triennial Conference. Copenhagen, Denmark (2017)

Finšgar, M, Milošev, I, “Inhibition of Copper Corrosion by 1,2,3-benzotriazole: A Review.” Corr. Sci., 52 (9) 2737–2749 (2010)

Ravichandran, R, Nanjundan, S, Rajendran, N, “Corrosion Inhibition of Brass by Benzotriazole Derivatives in NaCl Solution.” Anti-Corrosion Method M, 52 (4) 226–232 (2005)

Hashemi, T, Hogarth, CA, “The Mechanism of Corrosion Inhibition of Copper in NaCl Solution by Benzotriazole Studied by Electron Spectroscopy.” Electrochim. Acta, 33 (8) 1123–1127 (1988)

Nilsson, J-O, Törnkvist, C, Liedberg, B, “Photoelectron and Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy of Benzotriazole Adsorbed on Copper and Cuprous Oxide Surfaces.” Appl. Surf. Sci., 37 (3) 306–326 (1989)