An ninh nước ở các quốc gia GCC: thách thức và cơ hội

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 4 - Trang 329-346 - 2014
Omar Saif1, Toufic Mezher1, Hassan A. Arafat2
1Institute Center for Smart and Sustainable Systems (iSMART), Masdar Institute of Science & Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
2Institute Center for Water and Environment (iWATER), Masdar Institute of Science & Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

Tóm tắt

Hội đồng hợp tác vùng Vịnh (GCC) gồm Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Ả Rập Saudi và Các Tiểu Vương Quốc Ả Rập Thống Nhất (UAE) nằm trong một trong những khu vực khan hiếm nước nhất thế giới, trước đây bao gồm các quốc gia tiểu vương quốc sa mạc nghèo. Tuy nhiên, kể từ những năm 1970, GCC đã chứng kiến sự tăng trưởng dân số và phát triển kinh tế nhanh chóng, được tạo ra bởi sự gia tăng mạnh mẽ về doanh thu dầu mỏ. Sự tăng trưởng dân số kết hợp với quá trình đô thị hóa, công nghiệp hóa và gia tăng sản xuất nông nghiệp đã đặt áp lực lớn lên nguồn nước ngầm khan hiếm của khu vực. Các quốc gia GCC đều sử dụng lượng nước lớn từ hàng trăm đến hàng nghìn lần so với mức tái nạp bền vững. Dấu chân nước của họ, nằm trong số những mức cao nhất trên thế giới, được duy trì nhờ các nguồn nước phi truyền thống như khử muối, tái sử dụng nước thải và nhập khẩu "nước ảo" thông qua hàng hóa nông nghiệp. Bài báo này phân tích tình trạng hiện tại của nước ở GCC bằng cách tiếp cận mối liên kết giữa nước-năng lượng-l продducing. Bài báo thảo luận về các đề xuất khác nhau để đáp ứng nhu cầu nước trong tương lai tại GCC như khử muối bằng năng lượng tái tạo và đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài vào đất nông nghiệp, đồng thời đề cập đến các thương lượng lành mạnh liên quan.

Từ khóa

#an ninh nước #GCC #khan hiếm nước #tái sử dụng nước thải #khử muối #đầu tư nước ngoài

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