Viscosity and growth response of broilers fed high fiber diets supplemented with a corn-produced recombinant carbohydrase

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Agri Stats Inc., Fort Wayne, IN, 46825. Tillman, 2013, Current amino acid considerations for broilers: responses, ratios and economics Sam's Agway, Oakland, MD. Southern States, Morgantown, WV. Valley Point Farmers Feed, Albright, WV. To synthesize digestion, a 0.1 N HCl solution (0.9 mL) containing 2,000 U pepsin/mg was added to 0.6 g of wheat. The samples were incubated at 40°C for 45 min with occasional vortexing. To simulate pancreatic digestion, 0.3 mL of a 1 M NaCO3 solution containing 2 mg/mL pancreatin (8 x USP) was added. The samples were then allowed to continue incubating at 40°C for 120 min with occasional vortexing. Next, all contents were transferred into microcentrifuge tubes and centrifuged at 12,700 x g for 2 min. About 1 mL supernatant was transferred into a second microcentrifuge tube and placed in a 25°C water bath [46] for approximately 10 minutes. Afterwards, 0.5 mL digesta supernatant was subjected to viscosity measurement. TC-602 Refrigerated Bath, Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc., Middleboro, MA. Vertical mixer, Avery Weigh-Tronix, Fairmont, MN. Particle size of the crumbled feed was determined using a Ro-Tap Particle Size Analyzer [49]. One hundred grams of each crumbled diet was placed in a dust-tight enclosed series of stacked ASTM screens affixed to the Ro-Tap Particle Size Analyzer and shaken for 10 minutes. The screens were then separated and weighed. Particle size was then determined by subtracting the weight of the screen from the final weight of the screen and sample after shaking. The mean geometric particle size and log normal geometric standard deviation were calculated as described by McEllhiney [50]. Ro-Tap Particle Size Analyzer, W.S. Tyler, Mentor, OH. McEllhiney, R. R., 1994. Feed Manufacturing Industry. Longenecker's Hatchery. Room temperature for the 1-day-old chicks was set at 32°C, and gradually decreased to 29°C for the second week and 26°C for the third week of the study, to create optimal rearing conditions. Feed was placed in external feed troughs and water was supplied through a nipple drinker system; both feed and water were provided for ad libitum consumption. Lighting was manipulated through grow-out to ensure that birds had a full GI tract when sampled on d14. From d1 to 6, birds were exposed to 24 h light, and after d6, the hours of light were decreased gradually until 6 h dark was reach on d20 and 21. Digesta was centrifuged [54]at 12,700 x g for 5 minutes at 4°C [1]. Subsequently, 1 mL supernatant from each digesta sample was transferred into a microcentrifuge tube and placed in a 25°C water bath [TC 602] for approximately 10 minutes before viscosity measurements were obtained. Sorvall Evolution RC Centrifuge, Asheville, NC. Brookfield LVDV-II+Pro Viscometer, Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc., Middleboro, MA. Lee, 2003, Guar meal germ and hull fractions differently affect growth performance and intestinal viscosity of broiler chickens, Poult. Sci., 82, 1589, 10.1093/ps/82.10.1589 Lamp, 2015, The effects of pelleting and glucanase supplementation in hulled barley based diets on feed manufacture, broiler performance, and digesta viscosity, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 24, 295, 10.3382/japr/pfv028 About 0.5 mL digesta supernatant of wheat or feed, or intestinal digesta was placed in a Brookfield cone and plate viscometer [52]with a CPE-40 cone and a CPE-44Y cup to determine viscosity. Measurements were taken at 30 s or 1 min and at two different centrifugal speeds: 10 x g or 20 x g. SAS Institute, 2017 Scott, 1998, Effect of cultivar and environment on the feeding value of Western Canadian wheat and barley samples with and without enzyme supplementation, Can. J. Anim. 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