Virulence mechanisms in Cytophaga psychrophila and other Cytophaga-like bacteria pathogenic for fish

Annual Review of Fish Diseases - Tập 3 - Trang 127-144 - 1993
I. Dalsgaard1
1Danish Institute for Fisheries and Marine Research, Fish Disease Laboratory, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 13 Bülowsvej, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark

Tài liệu tham khảo

Borg, 1960, Studies on myxobacteria associated with diseases in salmonid fishes, J. Wildl. Dis., 8, 1 Davis, 1926, A new gill disease of trout, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 56, 156, 10.1577/1548-8659(1926)56[156:ANGDOT]2.0.CO;2 Davis, 1946, Care and diseases of trout, 98 Wood, 1956, Histopathology of fish. III. Peduncle (“coldwater”) disease, Prog. Fish-Cult., 18, 58, 10.1577/1548-8659(1956)18[58:HOF]2.0.CO;2 Weis, 1987, Über das vorkommen einer kaltwasserkrankheit bei Regenbogenforellen, Salmo gairdneri, Tierärztl. Umschau., 42, 575 Bernardet, 1988, First identification of “Cytophaga psychrophila” in France, Bull. Eur. Assn. Fish Pathol., 8, 104 Dalsgaard, 1990, Cytophaga psychrophila infection in rainbow trout in Denmark (abstract), 37 Lehmann, 1991, First isolation of Cytophaga psychrophila from a systemic disease in eel and cyprinids, Dis. Aquat. Org., 10, 217, 10.3354/dao010217 Hansen, 1992, Flexibacter ovolyticus sp. nov., a pathogen of eggs and larvae of Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus L, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 42, 451, 10.1099/00207713-42-3-451 Bullock, 1972, Studies on selected myxobacteria pathogenic for fishes and on bacterial gill disease in hatchery-reared salmonids, 30 Hilger, 1991, A new ulcerative flexibacteriosis-like disease (“yellow pest”) affecting young Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua from the German Wadden Sea, Dis. Aquat. Org., 11, 19, 10.3354/dao011019 Kent, 1988, Cytophaga sp. (Cytophagales) infection in sea-water pen-reared Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, Dis. Aquat. Org., 4, 173, 10.3354/dao004173 Masumura, 1977, An outbreak of gliding bacterial disease in hatchery-born red seabream (Pagrus major) and gilthead (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) fry in Hiroshima, Fish. Pathol., 12, 171, 10.3147/jsfp.12.171 Wakabayashi, 1984, Flexibacter infection in cultured marine fish in Japan, Helgoländer Meeresunters., 37, 587 Pacha, 1968, Characteristics of myxobacteria isolated from the surface of freshwater fish, Appl. Microbiol., 16, 1901, 10.1128/AEM.16.12.1901-1906.1968 Ordal, 1944, Pathogenic myxobacteria, 56, 15 Garnjobst, 1945, Cytophaga columnaris (Davis) in pure culture: A myxobacterium pathogenic to fish, J. Bacteriol., 49, 113, 10.1128/JB.49.2.113-128.1945 Hayes, 1963, Studies on marine flavobacteria, J. Gen. Microbiol., 30, 1, 10.1099/00221287-30-1-1 Lewin, 1969, A classification of flexibacteria, J. Gen. Microbiol., 58, 189, 10.1099/00221287-58-2-189 Mitchell, 1969, The taxonomy, differentiation and identification of Cytophaga species, J. Appl. Bacteriol., 32, 40, 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1969.tb02187.x Leadbetter, 1974, Order II. Cytophagales nomen novum, 99 Bernardet, 1989, Deoxyribo-nucleic acid relatedness and phenotypic characterization of Flexibacter columnaris sp. nov., nom. rev., Flexibacter psychrophilus sp. nov., nom. rev., and Flexibacter maritimus Wakabayashi, Hikida, and Masumura 1986, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 39, 346, 10.1099/00207713-39-3-346 Reichenbach, 1989, Cytophagales, Vol. 3, 2011 Mandel, 1969, Deoxyribonucleic acid base composition of flexibacteria, J. Gen. Microbiol., 58, 171, 10.1099/00221287-58-2-171 Holt, 1987, Cytophaga psychrophila, the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease in salmonid fish, 181 Bernardet, 1989, Phenotypic and genomic studies of “Cytophaga psychrophila” isolated from diseased rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in France, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 55, 1796, 10.1128/AEM.55.7.1796-1800.1989 Wakabayashi, 1986, Flexibacter maritimus sp. nov., a pathogen of marine fishes, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 36, 396, 10.1099/00207713-36-3-396 Baxa, 1987, Molecular taxonomic classification gliding bacteria isolated from diseased cultured flounder, Fish Pathol., 22, 11, 10.3147/jsfp.22.11 Baxa, 1986, Characteristics of gliding bacteria isolated from diseased cultured flounder, Paralichthys olivaceous, Fish Pathol., 21, 251, 10.3147/jsfp.21.251 Holmes, 1992, Synonymy of Flexibacter maritimus Wakabayashi, Hikida, and Masumura 1986 and Cytophaga marina Reichenbach 1989, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 42, 185, 10.1099/00207713-42-1-185 Skerman, 1989, Approved lists of bacterial names, 188 Moore, 1989, Index of the bacterial and yeast nomenclatural changes Pacha, 1968, Characteristics of Cytophaga psychrophila (Borg) isolated during outbreaks of bacterial coldwater disease, Appl. Microbiol., 16, 97, 10.1128/AEM.16.1.97-101.1968 Lewin, 1969, Isolation, cultivation and characterization of flexibacteria, J. Gen. Microbiol., 58, 145, 10.1099/00221287-58-2-145 Anacker, 1959, Studies on the myxobacterium, Chondrococcus columnaris. I. Serological typing, J. Bacteriol., 78, 25, 10.1128/JB.78.1.25-32.1959 Morrison, 1981, Microbiology and histopathology of “saddle-back” disease of underyearling Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., J. Fish Dis., 4, 243, 10.1111/j.1365-2761.1981.tb01131.x Bernardet, 1989, “Flexibacter columnaris”: First description in France and comparison with bacterial strains from other origins, Dis. Aquat. Org., 6, 37, 10.3354/dao006037 Backmann, 1989, Atypical columnaris disease of trout, Can. Vet. J., 30, 434 Bernardet, 1989, Les flexibactérioses des poissons: Deux aspects d'infections a Cytophagales récemment identifiées en France, Piscic. Fr., 96, 19 Pyle, 1980, A new approach for differentiating flexibacteria isolated from coldwater and warmwater fish, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 37, 1040, 10.1139/f80-135 Rucker, 1953, Infectious diseases of pacific salmon, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 83, 297, 10.1577/1548-8659(1953)83[297:IDOPS]2.0.CO;2 Wakabayashi, 1991, Outbreaks of coldwater disease in coho salmon in Japan, Fish Pathol., 26, 211, 10.3147/jsfp.26.211 Ajmal, 1967, Causes and effects of columnaris-type diseases in fish, Nature, 215, 141, 10.1038/215141a0 Bernoth, 1989, First report on Flexibacter columnaris in tench (Tinca tinca, L.) in Germany, Bull. Eur. Assn. Fish Pathol., 9, 125 Bernardet, 1990, Flexibacter maritimus is the agent of “black patch necrosis” in Dover sole in Scotland, Dis. Aquat. Org., 8, 233, 10.3354/dao008233 Anderson, 1969, The pathogenic myxobacteria with special reference to fish diseases, J. Appl. Bacteriol., 32, 30, 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1969.tb02186.x Bullock, 1986, Columnaris disease of fishes, 9 Griffin, 1987, Columnaris disease: Recent advances in research, Aquacult. Mag., 13, 48 Pacha, 1970, Myxobacterial diseases of salmonids, 243 Baudin-Laurencin, 1989, La myxobactériose viscérale de la truite arc-en-ciel Salmo gairdneri R: Une forme nouvelle de la maladie de l'eau froide à Cytophaga psychrophila, Bull. Acad. Vét. de France, 62, 147, 10.4267/2042/64623 Lorenzen, 1991, Preliminary investigations of fry mortality syndrome in rainbow trout, Bull. Eur. Assn. Fish Pathol., 11, 77 Wood, 1968, Diseases of Pacific salmon: Their prevention and treatment, 82 Holt, 1989, Relation of water temperature to bacterial coldwater disease in coho salmon, chinook salmon, and rainbow trout, J. Aquat. Anim. Health, 1, 94, 10.1577/1548-8667(1989)001<0094:ROWTTB>2.3.CO;2 Holt, 1975, Relation of water temperature to Flexibacter columnaris infection in steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri), coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and chinook (O. tshawytscha) salmon, J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., 32, 1553, 10.1139/f75-182 Allan, 1981, Extracellular virulence factors of Aeromonas hydrophila in fish infections, Can. J. Microbiol., 27, 1114, 10.1139/m81-174 Cahill, 1990, Virulence factors in motile Aeromonas species, J. Appl. Bact., 69, 1, 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb02905.x Ljungh, 1981, Aeromonas toxins, Pharmacol. Ther., 15, 339, 10.1016/0163-7258(81)90049-8 Paniagua, 1990, Pathogenicity factors and virulence for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) of motile Aeromonas spp. isolated from a river, J. Clin. Microbiol., 28, 350, 10.1128/JCM.28.2.350-355.1990 Larsen, 1988, Study of Vibrio anguillarum strains from different sources with emphasis on ecological and pathobiological properties, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 54, 2264, 10.1128/AEM.54.9.2264-2267.1988 Trust, 1980, Haemagglutination properties of Aeromonas, 218 Pate, 1967, The fine structure of Chondrococcus columnaris. III. The surface layers of Chondrococcus columnaris, J. Cell Biol., 35, 37, 10.1083/jcb.35.1.37 Johnson, 1966, Galactosamine glycan of Chondrococcus columnaris, Science, 152, 1247, 10.1126/science.152.3726.1247 Ishiguro, 1985, Congo red agar, a differential medium for Aeromonas salmonicida, detects the presence of the cell surface protein array involved in virulence, J. Bacteriol., 164, 1233, 10.1128/JB.164.3.1233-1237.1985 Griffin, 1991, Characteristics of a chondroitin AC lyase produced by Cytophaga columnaris, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 120, 391, 10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0391:COACAL>2.3.CO;2 Burke, 1981, Exotoxins of Aeromonas hydrophila, Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci., 59, 753, 10.1038/icb.1981.65 Baxa, 1988, In vitro and in vivo activities of Flexibacter maritimus toxins, Rep. Usa. Mar. Biol. Inst. Kochi University, 10, 1 Anacker, 1959, Studies on myxobacterium Chondrococcus columnaris. II. Bacteriocins, J. Bacteriol., 78, 33, 10.1128/JB.78.1.33-40.1959 Becker, 1987, The bacterial pathogen Flexibacter columnaris and its epizootiology among Columbia river fish, Am. Fish. Soc. Mono., 2, 92 Shewan, 1969, The importance of myxobacteria and flavobacteria for the applied microbiologist, J. Appl. Bacteriol., 32, 1, 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1969.tb02180.x Bertolini, 1992, Electrophoretic detection of proteases from different Flexibacter columnaris strains and assessment of their variability, Dis. Aquat. Org., 12, 121, 10.3354/dao012121 Christison, 1971, Isolation and preliminary characterization of an extracellular protease of Cytophaga sp., Can. J. Microbiol., 17, 1207, 10.1139/m71-193 Sørum, 1990, Plasmid profiling of Vibrio salmonicida for epidemiological studies of coldwater vibriosis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and cod (Gadus morhua), Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 56, 1033, 10.1128/AEM.56.4.1033-1037.1990 Larsen, 1991, Occurrence of plasmids in Danish isolates of Vibrio anguillarum serovars O1 and O2 and association of plasmids with phenotypic characteristics, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 57, 2158, 10.1128/AEM.57.8.2158-2163.1991 Crosa, 1977, Evidence for plasmid contribution to the virulence of the fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum, Infect. Immun., 18, 509, 10.1128/IAI.18.2.509-513.1977 Anacker, 1955, Study of a bacteriophage infecting the myxobacterium, Chondrococcus columnaris, J. Bacteriol., 70, 738, 10.1128/JB.70.6.738-741.1955 Dyar, 1946, Electrokinetic studies on bacterial surfaces. I. The effects of surface-active agents on the electrophoretic mobilities of bacteria, J. Bacteriol., 51, 149, 10.1128/JB.51.2.149-167.1946 Amend, 1982, Columnaris (Flexibacter columnaris) disease of freshwater fishes and a brief review of other flexibacterial diseases of fish, 139 Obach, 1991, Vaccination of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss against the visceral form of coldwater disease, Dis. Aquat. Org., 12, 13, 10.3354/dao012013 Moore, 1990, Attempts to control Flexibacter columnaris epizootics in pond-reared channel catfish by vaccination, J. Aquat. Anim. Health, 2, 109, 10.1577/1548-8667(1990)002<0109:ATCCEI>2.3.CO;2 Amin, 1988, Columnaris infection among cultured Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 54, 509, 10.1007/BF00588387 Kuo, 1981, Studies on artificial infection of the gliding bacteria in cultured fishes, Fish Pathol., 15, 309, 10.3147/jsfp.15.309 Campbell, 1982, An investigation into the bacterial aetiology of “black patch necrosis” in Dover sole, Solea solea L., J. Fish Dis., 5, 495, 10.1111/j.1365-2761.1982.tb00509.x Chowdhury, 1988, Effects of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions on the survival of Flexibacter columnaris in water, Fish Pathol., 23, 231, 10.3147/jsfp.23.231 Chowdhury, 1988, Effects of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium ions on Flexibacter columnaris infection in fish, Fish Pathol., 23, 237, 10.3147/jsfp.23.237 Fijan, 1968, The survival of Chondrococcus columnaris in waters of different quality, Bull. Off. Int. Épiz., 69, 1158 Sparling, 1983, Bacterial virulence and pathogenesis: An overview, Rev. Infect. Dis., 5, s637, 10.1093/clinids/5.Supplement_4.S637 Baxa, 1987, Experimental infection of Flexibacter maritimus in black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) fry, Fish Pathol., 22, 105, 10.3147/jsfp.22.105 Davis, 1923, A new bacterial disease of freshwater fishes, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., 38, 261 Wakabayashi, 1980, Characteristics of filamentous bacteria isolated from a gill disease of salmonids, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 37, 1499, 10.1139/f80-194 Chowdhury, 1989, Effects of competitive bacteria on the survival and infectivity of Flexibacter columnaris, Fish Pathol., 24, 9, 10.3147/jsfp.24.9 Baxa, 1988, Detection of Flexibacter maritimus by fluorescent antibody technique in experimentally infected black sea bream fry, Fish Pathol., 23, 29, 10.3147/jsfp.23.29 Vuillaume, 1988, Cultivation of systemic “Myxobacterium” from rainbow trout, Bull. Eur. Assn. Fish Pathol., 8, 74 Fish, 1943, Columnaris as a disease of coldwater fishes, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 73, 32, 10.1577/1548-8659(1943)73[32:CAADOC]2.0.CO;2 McCarthy, 1975, Columnaris disease, J. Inst. Fish. Mgmt., 6, 44 Spangenberg, 1975, Orientierende untersuchungen über das vorkommen von myxobakterien bei der kiemennekrose des karpfens, Z. Binnenfischerei, 22, 121 Morita, 1975, Psychrophilic bacteria, Bacteriol. Rev., 39, 144, 10.1128/MMBR.39.2.144-167.1975 Amend, 1970, Myxobacterial infections of salmonids: Prevention and treatment, 256 Snieszko, 1976, Columnaris disease of fishes, U.S. Dept. of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service Fish Dis. Leaflet, 45, 10 Song, 1988, Comparison of gliding bacteria isolated from fish in North America and other areas of the Pacific Rim, Fish Pathol., 23, 197, 10.3147/jsfp.23.197 Pyle, 1981, DNA homology studies of selected flexibacteria associated with fish disease, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 38, 146, 10.1139/f81-019 Starliper, 1988, Genetic relatedness of some gram-negative yellow pigmented bacteria from fishes and aquatic environments, Microbios, 56, 181