Viability and volume of in situ bovine articular chondrocytes—changes following a single impact and effects of medium osmolarity

Helminen, 1987, Joint loading effects on articular cartilage: a historical review, 1 Hodge, 1986, Contact pressures in the human hip joint measured in vivo, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 83, 2879, 10.1073/pnas.83.9.2879 Pickvance, 1993, Immunolocalisation of selected cytokines and proteases in canine articular cartilage after transarticular loading, J Orthop Res, 11, 313, 10.1002/jor.1100110302 Thompson, 1991, Osteoarthrotic changes after acute transarticular load. An animal model, J Bone Joint Surg, 73A, 990, 10.2106/00004623-199173070-00005 Davis, 1989, The association of knee injury and obesity with unilateral and bilateral osteoarthritis of the knee, Am J Epidemiol, 130, 278, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115334 Howell, 1992, Etiopathogenesis of osteoarthritis, 233 Radin, 1995, Osteoarthrosis—the orthopaedic surgeon's perspective, Acta Orthop Scand, 66, 6, 10.3109/17453679509157638 Wilder, 2002, History of acute knee injury and osteoarthritis of the knee: a prospective epidemiological assessment. The Clearwater osteoarthritis study, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 10, 611, 10.1053/joca.2002.0795 Jeffrey, 1995, Matrix damage and chondrocyte viability following a single impact load on articular cartilage, Arch Biochem Biophys, 322, 87, 10.1006/abbi.1995.1439 Farquhar, 1996, Swelling and fibronectin accumulation in articular cartilage explants after cyclical impact, J Orthop Res, 14, 417, 10.1002/jor.1100140312 Quinn, 1998, Effects of injurious compression on matrix turnover around individual cells in calf articular cartilage explants, J Orthop Res, 16, 490, 10.1002/jor.1100160415 Sah, 1991, Effects of compression on the loss of newly-synthesised proteoglycans in cartilage explants, Arch Biochem Biophys, 286, 20, 10.1016/0003-9861(91)90004-3 Repo, 1977, Survival of articular cartilage after controlled impact, J Bone Joint Surg, 59, 1068, 10.2106/00004623-197759080-00012 Torzilli, 1999, Effect of impact load on articular cartilage: cell metabolism and viability and matrix water content, J Biomech Eng, 121, 433, 10.1115/1.2835070 Walker, 2000, Cellular responses of embryonic hyaline cartilage to experimental wounding in vitro, J Orthop Res, 18, 25, 10.1002/jor.1100180105 Bush, 2003, The volume and morphology of chondrocytes within non-degenerate and degenerate human articular cartilage, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 11, 242, 10.1016/S1063-4584(02)00369-2 Grushko, 1989, Some biochemical and biophysical parameters for the study of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: a comparison between the processes of ageing and degeneration in human hip cartilage, Connect Tissue Res, 19, 149, 10.3109/03008208909043895 Bush, 2001, The osmotic sensitivity of isolated and in situ bovine articular chondrocytes, J Orthop Res, 19, 768, 10.1016/S0736-0266(01)00013-4 Bush, 2001, Regulatory volume decrease (RVD) by isolated and in situ bovine articular chondrocytes, J Cell Physiol, 187, 304, 10.1002/jcp.1077 Chen, 1999, Compositional and metabolic changes in damaged cartilage are peak-stress, stress-rate and loading-duration dependent, J Orthop Res, 17, 870, 10.1002/jor.1100170612 D'Lima, 2001, Human chondrocyte apoptosis in response to mechanical injury, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 9, 712, 10.1053/joca.2001.0468 Chen, 2001, Chondrocyte necrosis and apoptosis in impact damaged articular cartilage, J Orthop Res, 19, 703, 10.1016/S0736-0266(00)00066-8 Lucchinetti, 2002, Cartilage viability after repetitive loading: a preliminary report, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 10, 71, 10.1053/joca.2001.0483 Tew, 2000, The reactions of articular cartilage to experimental wounding. Role of apoptosis, Arthritis Rheum, 43, 215, 10.1002/1529-0131(200001)43:1<215::AID-ANR26>3.0.CO;2-X Stockwell, 1991, Cartilage failure in osteoarthritis: relevance of normal structure and function. A review, Clin Anat, 4, 161, 10.1002/ca.980040303 Mankin, 1971, Biochemical and metabolic abnormalities in articular cartilage from osteoarthritic human hips. II Correlation of morphology and metabolic data, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 53, 523, 10.2106/00004623-197153030-00009 Hall, 1998, Physiology of Cartilage, 45 Hall, 1996, The cellular physiology of articular cartilage, Exp Physiol, 81, 535, 10.1113/expphysiol.1996.sp003956 Errington, 1997, Four-dimensional imaging of living chondrocytes in cartilage using confocal microscopy: a pragmatic approach, Am J Physiol, 272, C1040, 10.1152/ajpcell.1997.272.3.C1040 Hodkinson, 2002, The role of bovine articular chondrocyte volume in determining the sensitivity of cartilage to impact load, J Physiol, 527, 40P Quinn, 1999, Physical and biological regulation of proteoglycan turnover around chondrocytes in cartilage explants. Implications for tissue degeneration and repair, Ann NY Acad Sci, 878, 420, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07700.x Schenk, 1986, Articular cartilage morphology, 3 Aspden, 2002, Impact loading: physiological or pathological?, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 10, 588, 10.1053/joca.2002.0803 Ewers, 2001, The extent of matrix damage and chondrocyte death in mechanically traumatized articular cartilage explants depends on rate of loading, J Orthop Res, 19, 779, 10.1016/S0736-0266(01)00006-7 Levin, 2001, Intercellular signalling as a cause of cell death in cyclically impacted cartilage explants, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 9, 702, 10.1053/joca.2001.0467 Kerrigan, 2002, Absence of regulatory volume increase (RVI) in isolated bovine articular chondrocytes, Eur J Physiol, 443, S288 Urban, 1993, Regulation of matrix synthesis rates by the ionic and osmotic environment of articular chondrocytes, J Cell Physiol, 154, 262, 10.1002/jcp.1041540208 Columbano, 1995, Cell death: current difficulties in discriminating apoptosis from necrosis in the context of pathological processes in vivo, J Cell Biochem, 58, 181, 10.1002/jcb.240580207 Blanco, 1998, Osteoarthritis chondrocytes die by apoptosis. A possible pathway for osteoarthritis pathology, Arthritis Rheum, 41, 284, 10.1002/1529-0131(199802)41:2<284::AID-ART12>3.0.CO;2-T Lotz, 1999, Mechanisms of chondrocyte apoptosis, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 7, 389, 10.1053/joca.1998.0220 Loening, 2000, Injurious mechanical compression of bovine articular cartilage induces chondrocyte apoptosis, Arch Biochem Biophys, 381, 205, 10.1006/abbi.2000.1988 Grasl-Kraupp, 1995, In situ detection of fragmented DNA (TUNEL) fails to discriminate among apoptosis, necrosis, and autolytic cell death: a cautionary note, Hepatology, 21, 1465 Lang, 2000, Cell volume in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptotic cell death, Cell Physiol Biochem, 10, 417, 10.1159/000016367 Maeno, 2000, Normotonic cell shrinkage because of disordered volume regulation is an early prerequisite to apoptosis, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 97, 9487, 10.1073/pnas.140216197 Wyllie, 1980, Cell death: the significance of apoptosis, Int Rev Cytol, 68, 251, 10.1016/S0074-7696(08)62312-8 Wright, 1996, Effects of intermittent pressure-induced strain on the electrophysiology of cultured human chondrocytes: evidence for the presence of stretch-activated membrane ion channels, Clin Sci, 90, 61, 10.1042/cs0900061