Verbal and nonverbal cues as mediators of deception ability

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 11 - Trang 126-145 - 1987
Ronald E. Riggio, Joan Tucker, Keith F. Widaman

Tóm tắt

In an extension of previous research on individual differences in deception ability, 35 undergraduate subjects were administered standardized measures of social skills and public self-consciousness and their attitudes on a variety of sociopolitical attitudes were measured. Later, subjects were videotaped while giving pro-attitudinal (truthful) and counter-attitudinal (deceptive) presentations to a videocamera. Videotaped presentations were content analyzed for various verbal and nonverbal cues, and were shown to untrained judges who rated each on a scale of truthfulness/believability. Results of structural modeling analyses indicated that socially skilled subjects were judged as believable regardless of whether they were truth-telling or deceiving. Individuals high in public self-consciousness were less successful deceivers. Most importantly, these relationships were mediated by certain behavioral cues, particularly cues of verbal fluency, which were consistently associated with judgments of truthfulness. These results have both theoretical and methodological implications for future deception research.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Anderson, J.C., & Gerbing, D.W. (1984). The effect of sampling error on convergence, improper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis.Psychometrika, 49 155–173. Bentler, P.M., & Bonett, D.G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness-of-fit in the analysis of covariance structures.Psychological Bulletin, 88 588–606. Buss, A.H. (1980).Self-consciousness and social anxiety. San Francisco, CA: W.H. Freeman. DePaulo, B.M., Lanier, K., & Davis, T. (1983). Detecting the deceit of the motivated liar.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45 1096–1103. DePaulo, B.M., Stone, J.I., & Lassiter, G.D. (1985). Deceiving and detecting deceit. In B.R. Schlenker (Ed.),The self and social life. (pp. 323–370). New York: McGraw-Hill. Ekman, P. (1985).Telling lies. New York: Norton. Ekman, P., & Friesen, W.V. (1969). Nonverbal leakage and clues to deception.Psychiatry, 32 88–106. Ekman, P., & Friesen, W.V. (1974). Detecting deception from the body or the face.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29 288–298. Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M.F., & Buss, A.H. (1975). Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43 522–527. Geis, F.L., & Moon, T.H. (1981). Machiavellianism and deception.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41 766–775. Goffman, E. (1959).The presentation of self in everyday life. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. Joreskog, K.G., & Sorbom, D. (1984).LISREL VI: Analysis of linear structural relationships by maximum likelihood, instrumental variables, and least squares methods. Mooresville, IN: Scientific Software. Kraut, R.E. (1980). Humans as lie detectors: Some second thoughts.Journal of Communication, 30 209–216. Kuiken, D. (1981). Nonimmediate language style and inconsistency between private and expressed evaluations.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 17 183–196. Littlepage, G. & Pineault, M. (1985). Detection of deception of planned and spontaneous communications.Journal of Social Psychology, 125 195–201. McCornack, S.A., & Parks, M.R. (1986). Deception detection and relationship development: The other side of trust. In M.L. McLaughlin (Ed.),Communication yearbook 9. (pp. 377–389), Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Riggio, R.E. (1986). Assessment of basic social skills.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51 649–660. Riggio, R.E. (in press).Manual for the Social Skills Inventory. Consulting Psychologists Press. Riggio, R.E., & Friedman, H.S. (1983). Individual differences and cues to deception.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45 899–915. Riggio, R.E., & Friedman, H.S. (1986). Impression formation: The role of expressive behavior.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50 421–427. Riggio, R.E., Tucker, J., & Throckmorton, D. (1987). Social skills and deception ability.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 13 568–577. Tucker, J. & Riggio, R.E. (1987).The role of social skills in the encoding of posed and spontaneous emotions. Manuscript submitted for publication. Wherry, R.J. (1975). Underprediction from overfitting: 45 years of shrinkage.Personnel Psychology, 28 1–18. Wiener, M., & Mehrabian, A. (1968).Language within language: Immediacy, a channel in verbal communication. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Zuckerman, M., DeFrank, R.S., Hall, J.A., Larrance, D.T., & Rosenthal, R. (1979).Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 15 378–396. Zuckerman, M., DePaulo, B.M., & Rosenthal, R. (1981). Verbal and nonverbal communication of deception. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.),Advances in experimental social psychology, (Vol. 14, pp. 1–59). New York: Academic Press. Zuckerman, M., & Driver, R.E. (1985). Telling lies: Verbal and nonverbal correlates of deception. In A.W. Siegman & S. Feldstein (Eds.),Multichannel integrations of nonverbal behavior (pp. 129–147), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Zuckerman, M., Koestner, R., & Alton, A.O. (1984). Learning to detect deception.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46 519–528. Zuckerman, M., Koestner, R., Colella, M.J., & Alton, A.O. (1984). Anchoring in detection of deception and leakage.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47 301–311. Zuckerman, M., Koestner, R., & Driver, R. (1981). Beliefs about cues associated with deception.Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 6 105–114.