Vehicle traffic shapes grizzly bear behaviour on a multiple‐use landscape

Journal of Applied Ecology - Tập 49 Số 5 - Trang 1159-1167 - 2012
Joseph M. Northrup1, Justin A. Pitt1, Tyler B. Muhly2, Gordon B. Stenhouse3, Marco Musiani4, Mark S. Boyce1
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
2Alberta Innovates – Technology Futures Vagreville AB Canada
3Foothills Research Institute Hinton AB Canada
4University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada

Tóm tắt

Summary Roads cause functional habitat loss, alter movement patterns and can become ecological traps for wildlife. Many of the negative effects of roads are likely to be a function of the human use of roads, not the road itself. However, few studies have examined the effect of temporally and spatially varying traffic patterns on large mammals, which could lead to misinterpretations about the impact of roads on wildlife. We developed models of traffic volume for an entire road network in south‐western Alberta, Canada, and documented for the first time the response of grizzly bears Ursus arctos L to a wide range of traffic levels. Traffic patterns caused a clear behavioural shift in grizzly bears, with increased use of areas near roads and movement across roads during the night when traffic was low. Bears selected areas near roads travelled by fewer than 20 vehicles per day and were more likely to cross these roads. Bears avoided roads receiving moderate traffic (20–100 vehicles per day) and strongly avoided high‐use roads (>100 vehicles per day) at all times. Synthesis and applications. Grizzly bear responses to traffic caused a departure from typical behavioural patterns, with bears in our study being largely nocturnal. In addition, bears selected private agricultural land, which had lower traffic levels, but higher road density, over multi‐use public land. These results improve our understanding of bear responses to roads and can be used to refine management practices. Future management plans should employ a multi‐pronged approach aimed at limiting both road density and traffic in core habitats. Access management will be critical in such plans and is an important tool for conserving threatened wildlife populations.

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Thông tin xuất bản

Journal of Applied Ecology

Tập 49 Số 5

1159-1167

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