Vegetation Changes in a Wet Meadow Complex during the Past Half-Century

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 43 - Trang 119-130 - 2008
Karel Prach1,2
1Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences USB, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice
2Institute of Botany ASCR, Třeboň, Czech Republic

Tóm tắt

Repeated vegetation maps and phytosociological relevés recorded in the 1950s and again from 1984 to 2006 in a wet meadow complex near the town of Třeboň, in the southern part of the Czech Republic, central Europe were compared. The following trends were evident: original vegetation zones disappeared, as well as vegetation typical of less intensively used sites, i.e., short-sedge marshes and Deschampsia cespitosa meadows. Instead, stands with Phalaris arundinacea, Urtica dioica, Elytrigia repens, and species-poor Alopecurus pratensis meadows, as well as woody species, expanded as a result of either too intensive use (cutting, manuring) or abandonment. The number of 46 meadow and marsh species recorded in 1956 in repeated relevés was reduced to one-third, while ruderal and weedy species increased from zero to 22, thus surpassing the meadow and marsh species being now more numerous than the former ones. The large degradation that started in the late 1970s continues, with there being no chance of recovery unless the present management regime stops manuring and implements appropriate regular cutting once or twice a year.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Baker JP (1989) Nature management by grazing and cutting. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht Benstead PJ, José PV, Joyce ChB, Wade PM (1999) European wet grasslands. Guidelines for management and restoration. RSPB, Sandy Blažková D (1973) Pflanzensoziologische Studie über die Wiesen der Südböhmischen Becken. Academia, Praha Bogaerts T, Williamson IP, Fendel EM (2002) The role of land administration in the accession of central European countries to the European Union. Land Use Policy 19:9–46 Bufková I, Prach K, Bastl M (2005) Relationships between vegetation and environment within the montane floodplain of the Upper Vltava River (Šumava National Park, Czech Republic). Silva Gabreta, Suppl 2:1–78 Chytrý M, Tichý L (2003) Diagnostic, constant and dominant species of vegetation classes and alliances of the Czech Republic: a statistical revision. Folia Fac Sci Nat Univ Masaryk Brun, ser Biol, 108:1–231 Ellenberg H, Weber HE, Düll R, Wirth V, Werner W, Paulissen D (1991) Zeigerwerte von Pflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Scripta Geobot 18:1–248 Gazda J (1983) Vývoj, struktura a primární produkce metlicových luk (Stellario-Deschampsietum Freitag 1957) na Mokrých loukách u Třeboně (Development, structure and primary production of the tufted hair-grass meadows (Stellario-Deschampsietum Freitag 1957) in the “Wet Meadows” near Třeboň). In Jeník J, Květ J (eds) Studie zaplavovaných ekosystémů u Třeboně. Studie ČSAV 4, Academia, Praha, pp 88–92 Grootjans AP, Verbeek SK (2002) A conceptual model of European wet meadows restoration. Ecol Restoration 20:6–9 Handlová V, Münzbergová Z (2006) Seed banks of managed and degraded grasslands in the Krkonoše Mts., Czech Republic. Folia Geobot 41:257–288 Holubičková B (1959) Příspěvek ke studiu rašeliništní vegetace. I. Mokré louky u Třeboně (A contribution to the study of moorland vegetation. I. Mokré louky near Třeboň). Sborn Vysoké Školy Zeměd V Praze 1959:257–285 Honsová D, Hejcman M, Klaudisová M, Pavlů V, Kocourková D, Hakl J (2007) Species composition of an alluvial meadow after 40 years of applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Preslia 79:245–258 Hölzel N (2005) Seedling recruitment in flood-meadow species: The effects of gaps, litter and vegetation matrix. Appl Veg Sci 8:15–124 Jeník J, Květ J (eds) (1983) Studie zaplavovaných ekosystémů u Třeboně (Ecological study of inundated ecosystems near Třeboň, South Bohemia, Czechoslovakia). Studie ČSAV 4, Academia, Praha Joyce ChB, Wade PM (eds) (1998) European wet grasslands. Biodiversity, management and restoration. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester Kent M, Coker P (1992) Vegetation description and analysis. A practical approach. Belhaven Press, London Klimešová J (1995) Population dynamics of Phalaris arundinacea L. and Urtica dioica L. in a floodplain during a dry period. Wetl Ecol Managem 3:79–85 Kovář P, Černý T, Šolcová K (2003) Polabské louky – proměny během desetiletí (The Elbe River alluvial meadows – changes during decades). In Prach K, Pithart D, Francírková T (eds) Ekologické funkce a hospodaření v říčních nivách (Ecological functioning and management of river floodplains). Botanický ústav AV ČR and Ministerstvo životního prostředí ČR, Třeboň and Praha, pp 107–109 Kubát K, Hrouda L, Chrtek J jun, Kaplan Z, Kirschner J, Štěpánek J (eds) (2002) Key to the flora of the Czech Republic. Academia, Praha Květ J, Jeník J, Soukupová L (eds) (2002) Freshwater wetlands and their sustainable future. A case study of Třeboň Basin Biosphere Reserve, Czech Republic. Man and the Biosphere Series 28, Parthenon Publ., Boca Raton Muller S, Dutoit T, Alard D, Grevilliot F (1998) Restoration and rehabilitation of species-rich grassland ecosystems in France: a review. Restoration Ecol 6:94–101 Navrátil J, Navrátilová J (2007) Wetland’s succession in Ruda Nature reserve, Czech Republic. In Okruszko T, Maltby E, Szatyłowicz J, Świątek D, Kotowski W (eds) Wetlands: Monitoring, modelling and management. Taylor & Francis, London, pp 27–36 Prach K (1993) Vegetation changes in a wet meadow complex, South Bohemia, Czech Republic. Folia Geobot Phytotax 28:1–13 Rychnovská M, Balátová-Tuláčková E, Úlehlová B, Pelikán J (1985) Ekologie lučních porostů (Ecology of meadow ecosystems). Academia, Praha Schmidt W (2007) Wie rasch kehrt die Vielfalt in artenarme Wiesenfuchsschwanz-Wiesen zurück? – Ergebnisse aus Dauerflächenuntersuchungen zur Extensivierung des Grünlandes. Hercynia NF 40:111–132 Silvertown J, Poulton P, Johnston E, Edwards G, Heard M, Biss PM (2006) The Park Grass Experiment 1856–2006: Its contribution to ecology. J Ecol 94:801–814 Straškrabová J, Prach K, Joyce Ch, Wade M (eds) (1996) Aluviální louky – jejich současný stav a možnosti obnovy (Floodplain meadows – ecological functions, contemporary state and possibilities for restoration). Příroda 4:1–176 Šrůtek M (1993) Distribution of the stands with Urtica dioica L. along the Lužnice river floodplain on the border between Austria and Czechoslovakia and land management. Vegetatio 106:73–87 ter Braak CJF, Šmilauer P (1998) CANOCO Release 4. Reference manual and user’s guide to Canoco for Windows: Software for Cannonical Community Ordination. Microcomputer Power, Ithaca Thompson K, Bakker JP, Bekker RM (1997) The soil seed bank of North West Europe: Methodology, density and longevity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Treweek J, José P, Benstead P (eds) (1997) The wet grassland guide. Managing floodplain and coastal wet grasslands for wildlife. RSPB, Beds van Andel J, Aronson J (eds) (2006) Restoration ecology. Blackwell, Oxford van der Maarel E (1979) Transformation of cover-abundance values in phytosociology and its effects on community similarity. Vegetatio 38:85–96