Vector control by insecticide‐treated nets in the fight against visceral leishmaniasis in the Indian subcontinent, what is the evidence?

Tropical Medicine and International Health - Tập 13 Số 8 - Trang 1073-1085 - 2008
Bart Ostyn1, Veerle Vanlerberghe1, Albert Picado2, Diwakar Singh Dinesh3, Shyam Sundar4, François Chappuis5, Suman Rijal6, Jean‐Claude Dujardin1, Marc Coosemans1, Marleen Boelaert1, Clive R. Davies2
1Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
2London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
3Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna, India
4Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
5Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
6BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal

Tóm tắt

SummaryVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a deadly vector‐borne disease that causes an estimated 500 000 new cases a year. In India, Nepal and Bangladesh, VL is caused by Leishmania donovani, which is transmitted from man to man by the sandfly Phlebotomus argentipes. In 2005, these three countries signed a memorandum of understanding to eliminate VL from the region. Integrated vector management is one of the pillars of this elimination strategy, alongside early case detection and treatment. We reviewed the evidence of effectiveness of different vector control methods, to examine the potential role of insecticide treated bednets (ITNs). Indoor residual spraying has shown poor impact for various reasons and resistance to DDT is emerging in Bihar. Environmental management performed poorly compared to insecticide based methods. ITNs could give individual protection but this still needs to be proven in randomized trials. Given the constraints of indoor residual spraying, it is worthwhile to further explore the use of ITNs, in particular long lasting ITNs, as an additional tool in the VL elimination initiative.

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