Vascular NAD(P)H oxidases: specific features, expression, and regulation

American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology - Tập 285 Số 2 - Trang R277-R297 - 2003
Bernard Lassègue1, Roza E. Clempus1
1Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322

Tóm tắt

The importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vascular physiology and pathology is becoming increasingly evident. All cell types in the vascular wall produce ROS derived from superoxide-generating protein complexes similar to the leukocyte NADPH oxidase. Specific features of the vascular enzymes include constitutive and inducible activities, substrate specificity, and intracellular superoxide production. Most phagocyte enzyme subunits are found in vascular cells, including the catalytic gp91phox (aka, nox2), which was the earliest member of the newly discovered nox family. However, smooth muscle frequently expresses nox1 rather than gp91phox, and nox4 is additionally present in all cell types. In cell culture, agonists increase ROS production by activating multiple signals, including protein kinase C and Rac, and by upregulating oxidase subunits. The oxidases are also upregulated in vascular disease and are involved in the development of atherosclerosis and a significant part of angiotensin II-induced hypertension, possibly via nox1 and nox4. Likewise, enhanced vascular oxidase activity is associated with diabetes. Therefore, members of this enzyme family appear to be important in vascular biology and disease and constitute promising targets for future therapeutic interventions.

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American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology

Tập 285 Số 2

R277-R297

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