Various forms of alcohol use and their predictors among pregnant women in post conflict northern Uganda: a cross sectional study
Tóm tắt
Alcohol use during pregnancy has been associated with several births and developmental disorders. This study set out to determine the various forms of alcohol consumption among pregnant women and their predictors in post conflict Northern Uganda. In the months of May to June 2019, we conducted a cross sectional study among 420 pregnant women seeking antenatal care services at both Government and private health facilities in Gulu, Kitgum and Pader districts in Northern Uganda. We asked them about consumption of various alcoholic beverages. A three stage stratified cluster sampling approach was used and study participants randomly selected from health facilities of interest. We used descriptive statistics to estimate the prevalence of various forms of alcohol use. The chi- square test and logistic regression were used to assess associations of alcohol use among respondents and their socio - demographic and other characteristics. Overall 99 women (23.6%) reported current alcohol use (any amount). Up to 11% (N = 11) of all drinkers were identified by the AUDIT to be women with problem drinking behavior, 8% (N = 8) of women reported hazardous drinking and only four (4%) were women with active alcohol dependent behavior. Predictors of maternal alcohol use included pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption, knowledge, attitude, education level, parity and residence. This study indicates that alcohol use (any mount) during pregnancy is high while alcohol dependence, problematic and hazardous drinking is low. Knowledge and attitude were important predictors of alcohol use. While alleviating alcohol use, development partners and relevant government departments should consider communication and other interventions that increase knowledge and risk perception on maternal drinking. Other risk factors that predict maternal drinking such as prior alcohol use, residence and parity should be mitigated or eliminated.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Organization WH. Global status report on alcohol and health 2018: World Health Organization; 2019.
Kabwama SN, Ndyanabangi S, Mutungi G, Wesonga R, Bahendeka SK, Guwatudde D. Alcohol use among adults in Uganda: findings from the countrywide non-communicable diseases risk factor cross-sectional survey. Glob Health Action. 2016;9(1):31302.
Tumwesigye NM, Kasirye R. Gender and the major consequences of alcohol consumption in Uganda. Alcohol Gender Drink Prob. 2005;189:189–280.
Roberts B, Ocaka KF, Browne J, Oyok T, Sondorp E. Alcohol disorder amongst forcibly displaced persons in northern Uganda. Addict Behav. 2011;36(8):870–3.
Khasalamwa-Mwandha S. Geographical versus social displacement: the politics of return and post-war recovery in northern Uganda. Dev Pract. 2019;29(3):314–25.
Nannyonjo J. Conflicts, poverty and human development in northern Uganda. Round Table. 2005;94(381):473–88.
Blair AH, Pearce ME, Katamba A, Malamba SS, Muyinda H, Schechter MT, et al. The alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): exploring the factor structure and cutoff thresholds in a representative post-conflict population in northern Uganda. Alcohol Alcohol. 2017;52(3):318–27.
Ssebunnya J, Kituyi C, Nabanoba J, Nakku J, Bhana A, Kigozi F. Social acceptance of alcohol use in Uganda. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20(1):1–7.
Bank W. Uganda Poverty Assessment 2016. 2016.
Popova S, Lange S, Probst C, Gmel G, Rehm J. Estimation of national, regional, and global prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy and fetal alcohol syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2017;5(3):e290–e9.
Popova S, Lange S, Probst C, Gmel G, Rehm J. Global prevalence of alcohol use and binge drinking during pregnancy, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Biochem Cell Biol. 2018;96(2):237–40.
Organization WH. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014. Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2014.
Croxford J, Viljoen D. Alcohol consumption by pregnant women in the Western Cape. South Afr Med J. 1999;89(9):1–4.
Jones HE, Browne FA, Myers BJ, Carney T, Ellerson RM, Kline TL, et al. Pregnant and nonpregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa: drug use, sexual behavior, and the need for comprehensive services. Int J Pediatr. 2011;2011.
Matseke G, Peltzer K, Mlambo G. Partner violence and associated factors among pregnant women in Nkangala district, Mpumalanga. South Afr J Obstet Gynaecol. 2012;18(3)77–81.
Etukumana E, Thacher T, Sagay A. HIV risk factors among pregnant women in a rural Nigerian hospital. West Indian Med J. 2010;59(4):424–33.
Ezugwu E, Ohayi S, Okeke T, Dim C. HIV sero-prevalence among pregnant women in a resource constrained setting, south East Nigeria. Niger J Med. 2012;21(3):338–42.
Fawole AO, Hunyinbo KI, Fawole OI. Prevalence of violence against pregnant women in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2008;48(4):405–14.
Ordinioha B, Brisibe S. Alcohol consumption among pregnant women attending the ante. Natal clinic of a tertiary hospital in south. South Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract. 2015;18(1):13–7.
Adusi-Poku Y, Edusei AK, Bonney AA, Tagbor H, Nakua E, Otupiri E. Pregnant women and alcohol use in the Bosomtwe district of the Ashanti region-Ghana. Afr J Reprod Health. 2012;16(1):55–60.
Yoon HJ, Bonsu G, Akoto-Ampaw A, Nkrumah-Mills G, Nimo JJ, Park JK, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infection in pregnant women in eastern Ghana. Braz J Infect Dis. 2012;16(2):217–8.
Mpelo M, Kibusi SM, Moshi F, Nyundo A, Ntwenya JE, Mpondo BC. Prevalence and factors influencing alcohol use in pregnancy among women attending antenatal care in Dodoma region, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. J Pregnancy. 2018;2018. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jp/2018/8580318.
Anteab K, Demtsu B, Megra M. Assessment of prevalence and associated factors of alcohol use during pregnancy among the dwellers of Bahir-Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia, 2014; 2014.
Peadon E, Payne J, Henley N, D'antoine H, Bartu A, O'Leary C, et al. Women’s knowledge and attitudes regarding alcohol consumption in pregnancy: a national survey. BMC Public Health. 2010;10(1):510.
Adeyiga G, Udofia EA, Yawson AE. Factors associated with alcohol consumption: a survey of women childbearing at a national referral hospital in Accra, Ghana. Afr J Reprod Health. 2014;18(2):152–65.
Desmond K, Milburn N, Richter L, Tomlinson M, Greco E, Van Heerden A, et al. Alcohol consumption among HIV-positive pregnant women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: prevalence and correlates. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012;120(1–3):113–8.
Namagembe I, Jackson LW, Zullo MD, Frank SH, Byamugisha JK, Sethi AK. Consumption of alcoholic beverages among pregnant urban Ugandan women. Matern Child Health J. 2010;14(4):492–500.
Harrison PA, Sidebottom AC. Alcohol and drug use before and during pregnancy: an examination of use patterns and predictors of cessation. Matern Child Health J. 2009;13(3):386.
Iversen ML, Sørensen NO, Broberg L, Damm P, Hedegaard M, Tabor A, et al. Alcohol consumption and binge drinking in early pregnancy. A cross-sectional study with data from the Copenhagen Pregnancy Cohort. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015;15(1):327.
Hotham E, Ali R, White J, Robinson J. Pregnancy-related changes in tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use reported by antenatal patients at two public hospitals in South Australia. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2008;48(3):248–54.
Tamaki T, Kaneita Y, Ohida T, Harano S, Yokoyama E, Osaki Y, et al. Alcohol consumption behavior of pregnant women in Japan. Prev Med. 2008;47(5):544–9.
Yamamoto Y, Kaneita Y, Yokoyama E, Sone T, Takemura S, Suzuki K, et al. Alcohol consumption and abstention among pregnant Japanese women. J Epidemiol. 2008;18(4):173–82.
Zammit SL, Skouteris H, Wertheim EH, Paxton SJ, Milgrom J. Pregnant women’s alcohol consumption: the predictive utility of intention to drink and prepregnancy drinking behavior. J Womens Health. 2008;17(9):1513–22.
Conigrave KM, Saunders JB, Reznik RB. Predictive capacity of the AUDIT questionnaire for alcohol-related harm. Addiction. 1995;90(11):1479–85.
Saunders JB, Aasland OG, Babor TF, De la Fuente JR, Grant M. Development of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption-II. Addiction. 1993;88(6):791–804 35.Moise IK. Alcohol use, pregnancy and associated risk factors: a pilot cross-sectional study of pregnant women attending prenatal care in an urban city. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2019 Dec 1;19(1):472.3.
Babor TF. Typology of drinkers. 1992. 36.Pati S, Chauhan AS, Mahapatra P, Hansdah D, Sahoo KC, Pati S. Weaved into the cultural fabric: a qualitative exploration of alcohol consumption during pregnancy among tribal women in Odisha, India. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy. 2018 Dec;13(1):9.
Wallace K, Roberts B. An exploration of the alcohol policy environment in post-conflict countries. Alcohol Alcohol. 2014;49(3):356–62.
English L, Mugyenyi G, Nightingale I, Kiwanuka G, Ngonzi J, Grunau B, et al. Prevalence of ethanol use among pregnant women in southwestern Uganda. Matern Child Health J. 2016;20(10):2209–15.
Popova S, Lange S, Probst C, Parunashvili N, Rehm J. Prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy and fetal alcohol Spectrum disorders among the general and Aboriginal populations in Canada and the United States. Eur J Med Genet. 2017;60(1):32–48.
Lange S, Probst C, Rehm J, Popova S. Prevalence of binge drinking during pregnancy by country and World Health Organization region: systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol. 2017;73:214–21.
Rehm J, Mathers C, Popova S, Thavorncharoensap M, Teerawattananon Y, Patra J. Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders. Lancet. 2009;373(9682):2223–33.