Nhiều yếu tố tự nhiên và nhân tạo chịu trách nhiệm về suy thoái chất lượng nước: Một bài tổng quan

MDPI AG - Tập 13 Số 19 - Trang 2660
Naseem Akhtar1, Mohammad Zulfikar Ishak2,1, Showkat Ahmad Bhawani3, Khalid Umar4
1School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
2Centre for Global Sustainability Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
3Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, 94300 Sarawak, Malaysia
4School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Tóm tắt

Việc nhận thức về các vấn đề bền vững liên quan đến tiêu thụ tài nguyên nước đang thu hút sự chú ý trong bối cảnh nóng lên toàn cầu và những phức tạp trong việc sử dụng đất. Những mối quan ngại này làm gia tăng thách thức trong việc hiểu biết đúng mức các hoạt động nhân tạo và quy trình tự nhiên, cũng như cách mà chúng ảnh hưởng đến chất lượng của hệ thống nước mặt và nước ngầm. Đặc điểm của tài nguyên nước gây ra khó khăn trong việc đánh giá toàn diện về các loại nguồn, con đường, và hành vi của các chất ô nhiễm. Khi mà hành vi và dự đoán của các chất ô nhiễm đã được biết đến rộng rãi trong tài nguyên nước vẫn còn là một thách thức, một số vấn đề mới liên quan đến các chất ô nhiễm kim loại nặng đã phát sinh. Mục tiêu chính của bài đánh giá này là tập trung vào việc xả thải một số chất ô nhiễm thiết yếu từ các hoạt động nhân tạo được phân loại dựa trên các lĩnh vực sử dụng đất như ứng dụng công nghiệp (chất thải rắn/lỏng, hợp chất hóa học, hoạt động khai thác, tràn và rò rỉ), phát triển đô thị (chất thải sinh hoạt, thực hành sử dụng đất, và các yếu tố khác), và thực hành nông nghiệp (thuốc trừ sâu và phân bón). Hơn nữa, các chất ô nhiễm quan trọng được phát thải từ các quy trình tự nhiên được phân loại dựa trên biến đổi khí hậu, thiên tai, các yếu tố địa chất, đất/mô và trao đổi hyporheic trong môi trường thuỷ sinh cũng được thảo luận. Ngoài ra, nghiên cứu này đề cập đến các chất vô cơ chính (nito, flo và nồng độ kim loại nặng). Nghiên cứu này cũng nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của nghiên cứu xuyên ngành và giao tiếp xuyên biên giới để đạt được chất lượng nước bền vững bằng cách sử dụng khoa học chính xác, pháp luật có thể thích ứng và hệ thống quản lý.

Từ khóa

#chất lượng nước #ô nhiễm #hoạt động nhân tạo #biến đổi khí hậu #nghiên cứu xuyên ngành

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