Varicocele

Aafj’es, 1985, Fertility of men with and without a varicocele, Fertil Steril, 43, 901, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)48619-X

Ahlberg, 1966, Phlebography in varicocele scroti, Acta Radiol [Diagn.] (Stockh.), 4, 517

Ahlberg, 1966, Right and left gonadal veins: An anatomical and statistical study, Acta Radiol [Diagn.] (Stockh.), 4, 593

Ayodeji, 1986, Is there a specific abnormality of sperm morphology in men with varicoceles?, Fertil Steril, 45, 839, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)49403-3

Baker, 1985, Testicular vein ligation and fertility in men with varicocele, Br Med J, 291, 1678, 10.1136/bmj.291.6510.1678

Barwell, 1885, One hundred cases of varicocele treated by the subcutaneous wire loop, Lancet, 1, 978, 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)17890-1

Bennett, 1889, Varicocele, particularly with reference to its radical cure, Lancet, 1, 261

Berger, 1980, Varicocele in adolescence, Clin Pediatr, 19, 810, 10.1177/000992288001901205

Berkman, 1984, Varicoceles: A coaxial coil occlusion system, Radiology, 151, 73, 10.1148/radiology.151.1.6701340

Brown, 1976, Varicocelectomy in the subfertile male: A 10-year experience with 295 cases, Fertil Steril, 27, 1046, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)42074-1

Castro, 1984, Reproductive history and semen analysis in prevasectomy fertile men with and without varicocele, J Androl, 5, 17, 10.1002/j.1939-4640.1984.tb00772.x

Chakraborty, 1985, Stagnation of blood in the microcirculatory vessels in the testes of men with varicocele, J Androl, 6, 117, 10.1002/j.1939-4640.1985.tb00826.x

Charny, 1968, Varicocele and infertility, JAMA, 204, 1165, 10.1001/jama.1968.03140260005002

Cockett, 1979, The varicocele and semen characteristics, J Urol, 121, 435, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)56814-7

Comhaire, 1981, Radiological anatomy of the internal spermatic vein(s) in 200 retrograde venograms, Int J Androl, 4, 379, 10.1111/j.1365-2605.1981.tb00722.x

Comhaire, 1985, Factors affecting the probability of conception after treatment of subfertile men with varicocele by transcatheter embolization with bucrylate, Fertil Steril, 43, 781, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)48566-3

Comhaire, 1974, Varicocele sterility: Cortisol and catecholamines, Fertil Steril, 25, 88, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)40159-7

Coolsaet, 1980, The varicocele syndrome: Venography determining the optimal level for surgical management, J Urol, 124, 833, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)55688-8

Donohue, 1969, Blood gases and pH determinations in the internal spermatic veins of subfertile men with varicocele, Fertil Steril, 20, 365, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)36979-5

D’Ottavio, 1981, Il varicocele idiopatico: Considerazioni epidemiologiche e pathogenetiche

Dubin, 1971, Etiologic factors in 1294 consecutive cases of male infertility, Fertil Steril, 22, 469, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)38400-X

Dubin, 1970, Varicocele size and results of varicocelectomy in selected subfertile men with varicocele, Fertil Steril, 21, 606, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)37684-1

Dubin, 1977, Varicocelectomy: 986 cases in a 12-year study, Urology, 10, 446, 10.1016/0090-4295(77)90132-7

Fariss, 1981, Seminal characteristics in the presence of a varicocele as compared with those of expectant fathers and prevasectomy men, Fertil Steril, 35, 325, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)45380-X

Formanek, 1981, Embolization of the spermatic vein for treatment of infertility: A new approach, Radiology, 139, 315, 10.1148/radiology.139.2.7220874

Getzoff, 1973, Surgical management of male infertility: Results of a survey, Fertil Steril, 24, 553, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)39797-7

Glezerman, 1976, Varicocele in Oligospermie patients: Pathophysiology and results after ligation and division of the internal spermatic vein, J Urol, 115, 562, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)59283-6

Gonzalez, 1982, Transvenous embolization of the internal spermatic veins for the treatment of varicocele scroti, Urol Clin North Am, 9, 177, 10.1016/S0094-0143(21)00732-1

Green, 1984, Varicocele: Reversal of the testicular blood flow and temperature effects by varicocele repair, J Urol, 131, 1208, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)50874-5

Greenberg, 1977, The use of the Doppler stethoscope in the evaluation of varicocele, J Urol, 117, 296, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)58439-6

Grillo-Lopez, 1971, Primary right varicocele, J Urol, 105, 540, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)61569-6

Gunter, 1975, The Palomo operation for varicocele and its effects on fertility, Br J Urol, 47, 230

Hanley, 1962, The nature and surgical treatment of varicocele, Br J Surg, 50, 64, 10.1002/bjs.18005021916

Harris, 1980, Radioisotope angiography in diagnosis of varicocele, Urology, 16, 69, 10.1016/0090-4295(80)90336-2

Hendry, 1973, Investigation and treatment of the subfertile male, Br J Urol, 45, 684, 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1973.tb12240.x

Hienz, 1980, Histologic findings in testes with varicocele during childhood and their therapeutic consequences, Eur J Pediatr, 133, 139, 10.1007/BF00441582

Hirsh, 1980, The Doppler assessment of varicoceles and internal spermatic vein reflux in infertile men, Br J Urol, 52, 50, 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1980.tb02919.x

Horner, 1960, The varicocele, Med Officer, 104, 377

Hudson, 1986, Hormonal parameters in incidental varicoceles and those causing infertility, Fertil Steril, 45, 692, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)49343-X

Ito, 1982, Internal spermatic vein prostaglandins in varicocele patients, Fertil Steril, 37, 218, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)46043-7

Johnson, 1970, Varicocele: An innocuous condition, South Med J, 63, 34, 10.1097/00007611-197001000-00009

Johnson, 1975, 120 infertile men, Br J Urol, 47, 230

Kass EJ, Belman AB: Reversal of testicular growth failure by varicocele ligation, [abstract] Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association, New Orleans, 1984

Kaufman, 1983, Mechanisms of recurrent varicocele after balloon occlusion or surgical ligation of the internal spermatic vein, Radiology, 147, 435, 10.1148/radiology.147.2.6836122

Kay, 1979, Induced varicoceles in rhesus monkeys, Fértil Steril, 31, 195, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)43822-7

Krone, 1985, Scrotal ultrasound, Radiol Clin North Am, 23, 121, 10.1016/S0033-8389(22)02386-7

Lima, 1978, A new method for the treatment of varicocele, Andrologia, 10, 103, 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1978.tb01324.x

Lipshultz, 1977, Progressive testicular atrophy in the varicocele patient, J Urol, 117, 175, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)58387-1

Lome, 1977, Varicocelectomy and infertility, Urology, 9, 416, 10.1016/0090-4295(77)90219-9

Lyon, 1982, Varicocele in childhood and adolescence: Implication in adulthood fertility?, Urology, 19, 641, 10.1016/0090-4295(82)90019-X

MacLeod, 1965, Seminal cytology in the presence of varicocele, Fértil Steril, 16, 735, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)35765-X

MacLeod, 1969, Further observations on the role of varicocele in human male infertility, Fértil Steril, 20, 545, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)37081-9

Macomber, 1929, The spermatozoa count: Its value in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of sterility, N Engl J Med, 200, 981, 10.1056/NEJM192905092001905

Marks, 1986, Predictive parameters of successful varicocele repair, J Urol, 136, 609, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)44990-1

Marsman, 1985, Clinical versus subclinical varicocele: Venographic findings and improvement of fertility after embolization, Radiology, 155, 635, 10.1148/radiology.155.3.4001363

McFadden, 1978, Testicular biopsies in 101 cases of varicocele, J Urol, 119, 372, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)57494-7

Mehan, 1976, Results of ligation of internal spermatic vein in the treatment of infertility in azoospermic patients, Fértil Steril, 27, 110, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)41603-1

Morag, 1984, Percutaneous venography and occlusion in the management of spermatic varicoceles, AJR, 143, 635, 10.2214/ajr.143.3.635

Mozes, 1965, Surgical treatment of varicocele, J Int Coll Surg, 44, 44

Newton, 1980, The effect of varicocelectomy on sperm count, motility and conception rate, Fértil Steril, 34, 250, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)44957-5

Nilsson, 1979, Improvement of semen and pregnancy rate after ligation and division of the internal spermatic vein: Fact or fiction?, Br J Urol, 51, 591, 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1979.tb03609.x

Oster, 1971, Varicocele in children and adolescents, Scand J Urol Nephrol, 5, 27, 10.3109/00365597109133569

Pochaczevsky, 1986, Management of male infertility: Roles of contact thermography, spermatic venography, and embolization, AJR, 147, 97, 10.2214/ajr.147.1.97

Porst, 1984, Percutaneous sclerotherapy of varicoceles: An alternative to conventional surgical methods, Br J Urol, 56, 73, 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1984.tb07168.x

Pozza, 1983, Left varicocele at puberty, Urology, 22, 271, 10.1016/S0090-4295(83)80012-0

Rege, 1979, Serum gonadotropins and testosterone in infertile patients with varicocele, Fértil Steril, 31, 413, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)43939-7

Riedl, 1981, A new method of transfemoral testicular vein obliteration for varicocele using a balloon catheter, Radiology, 139, 323, 10.1148/radiology.139.2.7220875

Rodrigues-Netto, 1984, Varicocele: Clinical or surgical treatment?, Int J Fertil, 29, 164

Rodrigues-Netto, 1977, Varicocele: Relation between anoxia and hypospermatogenesis, Int J Fertil, 22, 174

Rodrigues-Netto, 1980, Varicocele: The value of reflux in the spermatic vein, Int J Fertil, 25, 71

Rodriguez-Rigau, 1978, Relationship of varicocele to sperm output and fertility of male partners in infertile couples, J Urol, 120, 691, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)57332-2

Rodriguez-Rigau, 1981, Varicocele and the morphology of spermatozoa, Fertil Steril, 35, 54, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)45258-1

Sawczuk, 1985, Asymptomatic varicocele in an infant, Clin Pediatr, 24, 285, 10.1177/000992288502400511

Sayfan, 1985, The role of the spermatic cord layers in the development of varicoceles, J Urol, 133, 233, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)48890-2

Saypol, 1981, Varicocele, J Androl, 2, 61, 10.1002/j.1939-4640.1981.tb00597.x

Saypol, 1983, Varicocele

Saypol, 1981, Influence of surgically induced varicocele on testicular blood flow, temperature, and histology in adult rats and dogs, J Clin Invest, 68, 39, 10.1172/JCI110252

Scott, 1962, Varicocele: A study of its effects on human spermatogenesis and of the results produced by spermatic vein ligation, Fertil Steril, 13, 325, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)34563-0

Seyferth, 1981, Percutaneous sclerotherapy of varicocele, Radiology, 139, 335, 10.1148/radiology.139.2.7220877

Shafik, 1972, The fasciomuscular tube of the spermatic cord: A study of its surgical anatomy and relation to varicocele. A new concept for the pathogenesis of varicocele, Br J Urol, 44, 147, 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1972.tb10057.x

Spencer, 1938

Steeno, 1976, Prevention of fertility disorders by detection and treatment of varicocele at school and college age, Andrologia, 8, 47, 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1976.tb01645.x

Stephenson, 1968, Hypospermia and its relationship to varicocele and intrascrotal temperature, Fertil Steril, 19, 110, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)36550-5

Stewart, 1974, Varicocele in infertility: Incidence and results of surgical therapy, J Urol, 112, 222, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)59691-3

Suarez GM, Lewis RWJ, Phyau FA: Comparison of new techniques in the management of varicocele. [Abstract] Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association, New York, 1986, and personal communication

Swerdloff, 1975, Pituitary and gonadal hormones in patients with varicocele, Fertil Steril, 26, 1006, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)41416-0

Tessler, 1966, Varicocele and testicular temperature, Fertil Steril, 17, 201, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)35885-X

Tjia, 1982, Phlebography of the internal spermatic vein (and the ovarian vein), Diagn Imaging, 51, 8

Tulloch, 1952, A consideration of sterility factors in the light of subsequent pregnancies: Subfertility in the male, Trans Edinburgh Obstet Soc, 59, 29

Tulloch, 1955, Varicocele in subfertility: Results of treatment, Br Med J, 2, 356, 10.1136/bmj.2.4935.356

Turner, 1983, Varicocele: Still an enigma, J Urol, 129, 695, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)52318-6

Uehling, 1968, Fertility in men with varicocele, Int T Fertil, 13, 58

Vermeulen, 1984, Improved fertility after varicocele correction: Fact or fiction?, Fertil Steril, 42, 249, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)48022-2

Weissbach, 1981, Treatment of idiopathic varicoceles by transfemoral testicular vein occlusion, J Urol, 126, 354, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)54523-1

Yerokhin, 1979, Classification and frequency of varicocele in children, Klin Chir, 6, 45

Zorgniotti, 1973, Studies in temperature, human semen quality, and varicocele, Fértil Steril, 24, 854, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)40032-4