Variations of Functional Communication Training and Their Effects on Resurgence
Tóm tắt
The purpose of this study was to evaluate what effect teaching multiple functional communicative responses (FCRs) as outlined in serial functional communication training (FCT) had on resurgence of problem behavior and FCRs during extinction challenges. Researchers then evaluated what effect implementing a lag schedule of reinforcement following serial FCT had on resurgence of problem behavior and FCRs during extinction challenges compared with serial FCT. Recent findings evaluated the effect of a serial FCT procedure on resurgence of problem behavior, and the persistence of FCRs in an applied setting to determine if serial FCT would decrease the total number of responses of problem behavior during the resurgence (extinction) test while simultaneously increasing the total number FCRs as compared with the traditional (single) FCT condition for two children. They observed more manding (use of FCRs) and a smaller percentage of total responding occupied by problem behavior during serial FCT relative to traditional FCT. However, they also observed that problem behavior occupied the largest percentage of total relapse, demonstrating a primacy effect. The results of the present study indicate that teaching multiple FCRs in a serial FCT context is not sufficient to ensure the persistence of FCRs and significant delays or elimination of the resurgence of problem behavior during extinction challenges. Implementing a lag-2 schedule of reinforcement produced some desired effects, such as a higher total frequency of FCRs; however, resurgence of problem behavior was observed at higher rates and short latencies.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Carr EG, Durand VM. Reducing behavior problems through functional communication training. J Appl Behav Anal. 1985;18:111–26. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1985.18-111.
Kahng S, Iwata BA, Lewin AB. Behavioral treatment of self-injury, 1964-2000. Am J Ment Retard. 2002;107:212–21. https://doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017.
Tiger JH, Hanley GP, Bruzek J. Functional communication training: a review and practical guide. Behav Anal Pract. 2008;1:16–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03391716.
Kurtz PF, Boelter EW, Jarmolowicz DP, Chin MD, Hagopian LP. An analysis of functional communication training as an empirically supported treatment for problem behavior displayed by individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil. 2011;32:2935–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2011.05.009.
Rooker GW, Jessel J, Kurtz PF, Hagopian LP. Functional communication training with and without alternative reinforcement and punishment: an analysis of 58 applications. J Appl Behav Anal. 2013;46:708–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.76.
Fisher WW, Piazza CC, Cataldo MF, Harrell R, Jefferson G, Conner R. Functional communication training with and without extinction and punishment. J Appl Behav Anal. 1993;26:23–36. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1993.26-23.
Hanley GP, Iwata BA, Thompson RH. Reinforcement schedule thinning following treatment with functional communication training. J Appl Behav Anal. 2001;34:17–38. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2001.34-17.
Leitenberg H, Rawson RA, Mulick JA. Extinction and reinforcement of alternative behavior. J Comp Physiol Psychol Rec. 1975;88:640–52. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076418.
•• Lambert JM, Bloom SE, Samaha AL, Dayton E. Serial functional communication training: extending serial DRA to mands and problem behavior. Behav Interv. 2017;32:311–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/bin.1493This study explores serial FCT as a potential way to delay or eliminate the resurgence of problem behavior in the face of extinction challenges and offers recommendations for future research in the area or resurgence.
Lee R, Sturmey P, Fields L. Schedule-induced and operant mechanisms that influence response variability: a review and implications for future investigations. Psychol Rec. 2007;57:429–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0080-7.
Iwata BA, Dorsey MF, Slifer KJ, Bauman KE, Richman GS. Toward a functional analysis of self-injury. J Appl Behav Anal. 1982/94;27:197–209. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197.
Iwata BA, Duncan BA, Zarcone JR, Lerman DC, Shore BA. A sequential, test- control methodology for conducting functional analyses of self-injurious behavior. Behav Modif. 1994;18:289–306. https://doi.org/10.1177/01454455940183003.
Neuringer A, Kornell N, Olufs M. Stability and variability in extinction. J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2001;27:79–94. https://doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.27.1.79.