Variations in patterns of involuntary hospitalisation and in legal frameworks: an international comparative study

Salize, 2004, Epidemiology of involuntary placement of mentally ill people across the European Union, Br J Psychiatr, 184, 163, 10.1192/bjp.184.2.163 Stefano, 2008, Involuntary admission and compulsory treatment in Europe: an overview, Int J Ment Health, 37, 10, 10.2753/IMH0020-7411370301 Keown, 2011, Association between provision of mental illness beds and rate of involuntary admissions in the NHS in England 1988–2008: ecological study, BMJ, 343, d3736, 10.1136/bmj.d3736 Keown, 2016, Rates of voluntary and compulsory psychiatric in-patient treatment in England: an ecological study investigating associations with deprivation and demographics, Br J Psychiatry, 209, 157, 10.1192/bjp.bp.115.171009 Weich, 2017, Variation in compulsory psychiatric inpatient admission in England: a cross-classified, multilevel analysis, Lancet Psychiatry, 4, 619, 10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30207-9 Winkler, 2017, A blind spot on the global mental health map: a scoping review of 25 years' development of mental health care for people with severe mental illnesses in central and eastern Europe, Lancet Psychiatry, 4, 634, 10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30135-9 Broer, 2018, Stijging van BOPZ-maatregelen en dwangopnames in de ggz Ontwikkelingen in Nederland in de periode 2003–2017, Ned Tijdschr Geneesk, 162, 162 Schuler Wittchen, 2011, The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010, Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, 21, 655, 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.07.018 Barbui, 2018, Forty years without mental hospitals in Italy, Int J Ment Health Syst, 12, 43, 10.1186/s13033-018-0223-1 Large, 2009, The Penrose hypothesis in 2004: patient and prisoner numbers are positively correlated in low-and-middle income countries but are unrelated in high-income countries, Psychol Psychother, 82, 113, 10.1348/147608308X320099