Variation of plastid types in spinach
Tóm tắt
During growth in the light the plastids of cultured leaf discs of spinach divide, increase in size, and differentiate in a similar manner to those in intact leaves. By contrast when l'eaf discs are grown in the dark prolamellar bodies begin to develop in partially differentiated chloroplasts within 2 hours. After 7 days growth in the dark the plastids contain many vesicles which appear to arise from swelling of thylakoids. These vesicles often contain large crystals. When dark grown discs are illuminated they regreen and fully differentiated chloroplasts are reformed. Proplastids are found in the stem apex of whole plants; these develop into the partially differentiated chloroplasts of young leaves, which divide and increase in size to form the fully differentiated chloroplasts of mature leaves. The cotyledons of dormant seeds contain proplastids; these develop into amyloplasts during germination and after exposure to white light differentiate into chloroplasts.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bartels, F., 1971: Strukturelle Veränderungen der Chloroplasten-Thylakoide in Palisadenzellen vonPeperomia metallica im Licht-Dunkelwechsel. Protoplasma72, 27–41.
Clowes, B. E., and T. A. L.Juniper, 1968: Plant Cells. Botanical Monographs Vol. 8, Blackwell Scientific Publications.
Dodge, J. D., 1970: Changes in chloroplast fine structure during autumnal senescence ofBetula leaves. Ann. Bot.34, 817–824.
Guilermand, A., 1941: The cytoplasm of the plant cell. (Transl. by L. R. Atkinson.) Waltham, Mass.: Chronica Botanica Co.
Gunning, B. E. S., andM. P. Jagoe: 1967: The prolamellar body. In: Biochemistry of Chloroplasts. Vol. 2 (ed. T. W. Goodwin), pp. 655–676. London and New York: Academic Press.
Henningsen, K. W., andJ. E. Boynton, 1969: Macromolecular physiology of plastids. VII. The Effect of a brief illumination of plastids of dark grown barley leaves. J. Cell Sci.5, 757–793.
Kawashima, N., andS. G. Wildman, 1970: Fraction I protein. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol.21, 325–358.
Kirk, J. T. O., andR. A. E. Tilney-Bassett, 1970: The Plastids. London: Freeman Co.
Kislev, N., H.Swift, and L.Bogorad, 1966: Studies of nucleic acids in chloroplasts and mitochondria in Swiss chard. In: Biochemistry of Chloroplasts. Vol. I (ed. T. W.Goodwin), pp. 356–363.
Lance-Nougarede, A., 1960: Processus inframicroscopique de la regression plastidale et l'harmonisation de la pellicule ectoplasmique lors de l'initiation des meristemes floraux chezChrysanthemum segetum L. (composees). C. R. Acad. Sci.250, 3371–3373.
Possingham, J. V., andW. Saurer 1969: Changes in chloroplast number per cell during leaf development in spinach. Planta86, 186–194.
Reynolds, E. S., 1963: The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron opaque stain in electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol.17, 208–212.
Rezende-Pinto, M. C. de, 1962: Metamorphosis of amyloplasts ofSolanum tuberosum into amylochloroplasts induced by light. Portug. Acta. Biol.6 A, 239–242.
Saurer, W., andJ. V. Possingham, 1970: Studies on the growth of spinach leaves (Spinacia oleracea). J. Exp. Bot.21, 151–158.
Signol, M., 1961: Cytologie vegetale action de rhythme primere au cours de la differentiation de chloroplaste deZea mays (L). C. R. Acad. Sci.252, 4177.
Steffen, K., 1964: Chromoplastenstudien. I. Der amöboide Chromoplastentyp. Planta60, 506–522.
—, andF. Walter, 1958: Die Chromoplasten vonSolanum capsicastrum L. und ihre Genese. Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zur Piastidenmetamorphose. Planta50, 640–670.
Thomson, W. W., 1965: The ultrastructural development of chromoplasts in navel oranges. Amer. J. Bot.52, 622.
Weibal, E. R., G. S. Kistler, andW. F. Scherle, 1966: Practical stereological methods for morphometric cytology. J. Cell Biol.30, 23–38.
Zurzycki, J., 1954: Studies on chromplasts. I. Morphological changes of plastids in the ripening fruit. Acta. Soc. Bot. Polan.23, 161–174.