Variation in forest soil fungal diversity along a latitudinal gradient

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 64 - Trang 305-315 - 2013
Ling-Ling Shi1,2, Peter E. Mortimer3,4, J. W. Ferry Slik5, Xiao-Ming Zou6,7, Jianchu Xu3,4, Wen-Ting Feng8, Lu Qiao1,2
1Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
3Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
4World Agroforestry Centre, East Asia, Kunming, China
5Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China
6College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
7Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, USA
8Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden

Tóm tắt

In forest ecosystems, plant communities shape soil fungal communities through the provisioning of carbon. Although the variation in forest composition with latitude is well established, little is known about how soil fungal communities vary with latitude. We collected soil samples from 17 forests, along a latitudinal transect in western China. Forest types covered included boreal, temperate, subtropical and tropical forests. We used 454 pyrosequencing techniques to analyze the soil communities. These data were correlated with abiotic and biotic variables to determine which factors most strongly influenced fungal community composition. Our results indicated that temperature, latitude, and plant diversity most strongly influence soil fungal community composition. Fungal diversity patterns were unimodal, with temperate forests (mid latitude) exhibiting the greatest diversity. Furthermore, these diversity patterns indicate that fungal diversity was highest in the forest systems with the lowest tree diversity (temperate forests). Different forest systems were dominated by different fungal subgroups, ectomycorrhizal fungi dominated in boreal and temperate forests; endomycorrhizal fungi dominated in the tropical rainforests, and non-mycorrhizal fungi were best represented in subtropical forests. Our results suggest that soil fungal communities are strongly dependent on vegetation type, with fungal diversity displaying an inverse relationship to plant diversity.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Acosta-Martinez V, Dowd S, Sun Y, Allen V (2008) Tag-encoded pyrosequencing analysis of bacterial diversity in a single soil type as affected by management and land use. Soil Biol Biochem 40:2762–2770 Bååth E, Anderson TH (2003) Comparison of soil fungal/bacterial ratios in a pH gradient using physiological and PLFA-based techniques. Soil Biol Biochem 35:955–963 Barcenas-Moreno G, Gomez-Brandon M, Rousk J, Bååth E (2009) Adaptation of soil microbial communities to temperature: comparison of fungi and bacteria in a laboratory experiment. Glob Chang Biol 15:2950–2957 Beals EW (1984) Bray-Curtis ordination: an effective strategy for analysis of multivariate ecological data. Adv Ecol Res 14:55 Berg G, Smalla K (2009) Plant species and soil type cooperatively shape the structure and function of microbial communities in the rhizosphere. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 68:1–13 Boisvenue C, Running SW (2006) Impacts of climate change on natural forest productivity—evidence since the middle of the 20th century. Glob Chang Biol 12:862–882 Brock PM, Doring H, Bidartondo MI (2009) How to know unknown fungi: the role of a herbarium. New Phytol 181:719–724 Bruns TD, Bidartondo MI, Taylor DL (2002) Host specificity in ectomycorrhizal communities: what do the exceptions tell us? Integr Comp Biol 42:352–359 Bueé M, Reich M, Murat C, Nilsson RH, Uroz S, Martin F (2009) 454 Pyrosequencing analyses of forest soils reveals an unexpectedly high fungal diversity. New Phytol 184:449–456 Dahlberg A (2001) Community ecology of ectomycorrhizal fungi: an advancing interdisciplinary field. New Phytol 150:555–562 Davidson EA, Janssens IA (2006) Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change. Nature 440:165–173 Dixon P (2003) VEGAN, a package of R functions for community ecology. J Veg Sci 14:927–930 Edgar RC (2010) Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST. Bioinformatics 26:2460–2461 Edgar RC, Haas BJ, Clemente JC, Quince C, Knight R (2011) UCHIME improves sensitivity and speed of chimera detection. Bioinformatics 27:2194–2200 Fierer N, Jackson RB (2006) The diversity and biogeography of soil bacterial communities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:626–631 Fitter A, Garbaye J (1994) Interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and other soil organisms. Plant Soil 159:123–132 Gao C, Shi NN, Liu YX et al (2013) Host plant genus‐level diversity is the best predictor of ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity in a Chinese subtropical forest. Mol Ecol 22:3403–3414 Gilbert GS (2005) The dimensions of plant disease in tropical forests. In: Burslem DRFP, Pinard MA, Hartley S (eds) Biotic interactions in the tropics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 141–164 Gilbert GS, Ferrer N, Carranza J (2002) Polypore fungal diversity and host density in a moist tropical forest. Biodivers Conserv 11:947–957 Green JL, Holmes AJ, Westoby M, Oliver I, Briscoe D et al (2004) Spatial scaling of microbial eukaryote diversity. Nature 432:747–750 Hawkes CV, Kivlin SN, Rocca JD, Huguet V, Thomsen MA, Suttle KB (2011) Fungal community responses to precipitation. Glob Chang Biol 17:1637–1645 Hawkins BA, Field R, Cornell HV, Currie DJ, Gugan JF et al (2003) Energy, water, and broad-scale geographic patterns of species richness. Ecology 84:3105–3117 Hill TCJ, Walsh KA, Harris JA, Moffett BF (2003) Using ecological diversity measures with bacterial communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 43:1–11 Högberg P, Nordgren A, Buchmann N et al (2001) Large-scale forest girdling shows that current photosynthesis drives soil respiration. Nature 411:789–792 Hršelová H, Chvátalová I, Vosátka M et al (1999) Correlation of abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bacteria and saprophytic microfungi with soil carbon, nitrogen and phsophorus. Folia Microbiol 44:683–687 Huse SM, Welch DM, Morrison HG, Sogin ML (2010) Ironing out the wrinkles in the rare biosphere through improved OTU clustering. Environ Microbiol 12:1889–1898 Ishida TA, Nara K, Hogetsu T (2007) Host effects on ectomycorrhizal fungal communities: insight from eight host species in mixed conifer-broadleaf forests. New Phytol 174:430–440 Johnson D, Vandenkoornhuyse PJ, Leake JR, Gilbert L, Booth RE, Grime JP, Young JPW, Read DJ (2004) Plant communities affect arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity and community composition in grassland microcosms. New Phytol 161:503–515 Jones MN, Bradshaw HD (1989) Copper: an alternative to mercury; more effective than zirconium in Kjeldahl digestion of ecological materials. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 20:1513–1524 Koljalg U, Larsson K, Abarenkov K, Nilsson RH, Alexander IJ et al (2005) UNITE: a database providing web-based methods for the molecular identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi. New Phytol 166:1063–1068 Lauber CL, Strickland MS, Bradford MA, Fierer N (2008) The influence of soil properties on the structure of bacterial and fungal communities across land-use types. Soil Biol Biochem 40:2407–2415 Leprince F, Quiquampoix H (1996) Extracellular enzyme activity in soil: effect of pH and ionic strength on the interaction with montmorillonite of two acid phosphatases secreted by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum. Eur J Soil Sci 47:511–522 Levetin E, Dorsey K (2006) Contribution of leaf surface fungi to the air spora. Aerobiologia 22:3–12 Li XD, Coles BJ, Ramsey MH, Thornton I (1995) Sequential extraction of soils for multielement analysis by ICP-AES. Chem Geol 124:109–123 Lim YW, Kim BK, Kim C et al (2010) Assessment of soil fungal communities using pyrosequencing. J Microbiol 48:284–289 Lindahl BD, Ihrmark K, Boberg J, Trumbore SE, Hogberg P, Stenlid J, Finlay RD (2007) Spatial separation of litter decomposition and mycorrhizal nitrogen uptake in a boreal forest. New Phytol 173:611–620 Lindahl BD, de Boer W, Finlay RD (2010) Disruption of root carbon transport into forest humus stimulates fungal opportunists at the expense of mycorrhizal fungi. ISME J 4:872–881 Lumini E, Orgiazzi A, Borriello R et al (2010) Disclosing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal biodiversity in soil through a land‐use gradient using a pyrosequencing approach. Environ Microbiol 12:2165–2179 Maron JL, Marler M, Klironomos JN, Cleveland CC (2011) Soil fungal pathogens and the relationship between plant diversity and productivity. Ecol Lett 14:36–41 Mortimer PE, Pérez-Fernández MA, Valentine AJ (2008) The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in the carbon and nutrient economy of the tripartite symbiosis with nodulated. Soil Biol Biochem 40:1019–1027 Mortimer PE, Pérez-Fernández MA, Valentine AJ (2012) Arbuscular mycorrhiza maintains nodule function during external NH 4+ supply in Phaseolus vulgaris (L.). Mycorrhiza 22:237–245 Nilsson RH, Tedersoo L, Lindahl BD, Kjoller R, Carlsen T, Quince C, Abarenkov K, Pennanen T, Stenlid J, Bruns T, Larsson K-H, Koljalg U, Kauserud H (2011) Towards standardization of the description and publication of next-generation sequencing datasets of fungal communities. New Phytol 191(2):314–318 Nouhra ER, Urcelay C, Longo MS, Fontela S (2012) Differential hypogeous sporocarp production from Nothofagus dombeyi and pumilio forests in southern Argentina. Mycologia 104:145–152 Öpik M, Moora M, Liira J, et al (2006) Composition of root‐colonizing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in different ecosystems around the globe. J Ecol. 94: 778–790 Opik M, Vanatoa A, Vanatoa E, Moora M, Davison J et al (2010) The online database MaarjAM reveals global and ecosystemic distribution patterns in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota). New Phytol 188:223–241 Peay KG, Baraloto C, Fine PV (2013) Strong coupling of plant and fungal community structure across western Amazonian rainforests. ISME J 7:1852–1861 Peet RK (1974) The measurement of species diversity. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 5:285–307 Rillig MC, Wright SF, Nichols KA, Schmidt WF, Torn MS (2001) Large contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to soil carbon pools in tropical forest soils. Plant Soil 233:167–177 Robeson MS, King AJ, Freeman KR, Birky CW, Martin AP et al (2011) Soil rotifer communities are extremely diverse globally but spatially auto correlated locally. Proc Natl Acad Sci 108:4406–4410 Rousk J, Bååth E, Brookes PC, Lauber CL, Lozupone C, Caporaso JG, Knight R, Fierer N (2010) Soil bacterial and fungal communities across a pH gradient in an arable soil. ISME J 4:1340–1351 Sakamoto Y, Ishiguro M, Kitagawa G (1986) Akaike information criterion statistics. D Reidel, Dordrecht Setala H, McLean MA (2004) Decomposition rate of organic substrates in relation to the species diversity of soil saprophytic fungi. Oecologia 139:98–107 Steel H, Bert W (2012) Biodiversity of compost mesofauna and its potential as an indicator of the composting process status. Dyn Soil Dyn Plant 5:45–50 Taylor AFS (2002) Fungal diversity in ectomycorrhizal communities: sampling effort and species detection. Plant Soil 244:19–28 Tedersoo L, Nilsson RH, Abarenkov K et al (2010) 454 Pyrosequencing and Sanger sequencing of tropical mycorrhizal fungi provide similar results but reveal substantial methodological biases. New Phytol 188:291–301 Tedersoo L, Bahram M, Toots M, Diedhiou AG, Henkel TW et al (2012) Towards global patterns in the diversity and community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Mol Ecol 21:4160–4170 Treseder KK, Allen MF (2002) Direct nitrogen and phosphorus limitation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: a model and field test. New Phytol 155:507–515 Voříšková J, Baldrian P (2013) Fungal community on decomposing leaf litter undergoes rapid successional changes. ISME J 7:477–486 Walkley A, Black IA (1934) An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci 37:29–38 Warcup JH (1951) The ecology of soil fungi. Trans Br Mycol Soc 4:376–399 Willig MR, Kaufman DM, Stevens RD (2003) Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity: pattern, process, scale, and synthesis. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 2003:273–309