Variability of motor potentials evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation

Lynette Kiers1, David Cros2, Keith H. Chiappa2, Jianguang Fang2
1Clinical Neurophysiology Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114.
2Clinical Neurophysiology Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Adrian, 1939, Impulses in the pyramidal tract, J. Physiol. (Lond.), 97, 153, 10.1113/jphysiol.1939.sp003798

Amassian, 1988, Focal magnetic coil activation of human motor cortex elicit a sense of movement in ischemically paralyzed, distal arm, J. Physiol. (Lond.), 403, 75P

Amassian, 1989, Focal stimulation of human cerebral cortex with the magnetic coil: a comparison with electrical stimulation, Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 74, 401, 10.1016/0168-5597(89)90029-4

Boniface, 1991, Responses of single spinal motoneurons to magnetic brain stimulation in healthy subjects and patients with multiple sclerosis, Brain, 114, 643, 10.1093/brain/114.1.643

Brasil-Neto, 1992, Topographic mapping of the human motor cortex with magnetic stimulation: factors affecting accuracy and reproducibility, Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 85, 9, 10.1016/0168-5597(92)90095-S

Britton, 1991, Variability of cortically evoked motor responses in multiple sclerosis, Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 81, 186, 10.1016/0168-5597(91)90071-5

Caramia, 1988, Neurophysiological evaluation of the central nervous impulse propagation in patients with sensorimotor disturbances, Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 70, 16, 10.1016/0013-4694(88)90190-3

Chiappa, 1991, Magnetic stimulation: determination of coil current flow direction, Neurology, 41, 1154, 10.1212/WNL.41.7.1154

Chokroverty, 1991, Magnetic brain stimulation: facilitation studies, Neurology, 40, 285

Day, 1987, Different sites of action of electrical and magnetic stimulation of the human brain, Neurosci. Lett., 75, 101, 10.1016/0304-3940(87)90083-8

Day, 1991, Variability of motor potentials evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation, Neurology, 41, 427

Eisen, 1991, Age-dependent decline in motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude: with a comment on changes in Parkinson's disease, Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 81, 209, 10.1016/0168-5597(91)90074-8

Ekstedt, 1974, Calculation of the electromyographic jitter, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 37, 526, 10.1136/jnnp.37.5.526

Henneman, 1957, Relation between size of neurons and their susceptibility to discharge, Science, 126, 1345, 10.1126/science.126.3287.1345

Henneman, 1981, Functional organization of motoneuron pool and its inputs, Vol. 11, 423

Henneman, 1965, Functional significance of cell size in spinal motoneurons, J. Neurophysiol., 28, 599, 10.1152/jn.1965.28.3.599

Hess, 1986, Low threshold motor units in human hand muscles can be selectively activated by magnetic brain stimulation, J. Physiol. (Lond.), 380, 62P

Hess, 1987, Responses in small hand muscles from magnetic stimulation of the human brain, J. Physiol. (Lond.), 388, 397, 10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016621

Liddell, 1952, The cortical representation of motor units, Brain, 75, 510, 10.1093/brain/75.4.510

Macdonell, 1991, Hemispheric threshold differences for motor evoked potentials produced by magnetic coil stimulation, Neurology, 41, 1441, 10.1212/WNL.41.9.1441

Marsden, 1982, Direct electrical stimulation of corticospinal pathways through the intact scalp in human subjects, Adv. Neurol., 339, 387

Milner-Brown, 1973, The orderly recruitment of human motor units during voluntary isometric contraction, J. Physiol. (Lond.), 230, 359, 10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010192

Palmer, 1992, Corticospinal projections to upper limb motor neurons in humans, J. Physiol. (Lond.), 448, 397, 10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019048

Phillips, 1977, Corticospinal neurones: their role in movement, Monogr. Physiol. Soc., 34, 1

Rothwell, 1987, Motor cortex stimulation in intact man, Brain, 110, 1173, 10.1093/brain/110.5.1173

Rothwell, 1991, Stimulation of the human motor cortex through the scalp, Exp. Physiol., 76, 159, 10.1113/expphysiol.1991.sp003485

Thompson, 1987, The interpretation of electromyographic responses to electrical stimulation of the motor cortex in diseases of the upper motor neurone, J. Neurol. Sci., 80, 91, 10.1016/0022-510X(87)90224-3

Thompson, 1991, Further observations on the facilitation of muscle responses to cortical stimulation by voluntary contraction, Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 81, 397, 10.1016/0168-5597(91)90029-W

Valls-Solé, 1992, Human motor evoked responses to paired transcranial magnetic stimuli, Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 85, 355, 10.1016/0168-5597(92)90048-G

Wise, 1985, The role of the cerebral cortex in movement, 307