Vanilla distribution modeling for conservation and sustainable cultivation in a joint land sparing/sharing concept

Ecosphere - Tập 11 Số 3 - 2020
Charlotte Watteyn1, Tobias Fremout1, Adam P. Karremans2,3, Ruthmery Pillco Huarcaya4, José Bernal Azofeifa Bolaños5,6, Bert Reubens7, Bart Muys1
1Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
2Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica, P.O. Box 302-7050, Cartago, Costa Rica
3Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Endless Forms Group, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
4Osa Conservation, 1012 14th Street NW, Suite 625, Washington, D.C. 20005, USA
5Instituto de Investigación y Servicios Forestales Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica P.O. Box 86‐3000, Getsemani de Barva de Heredia Heredia Costa Rica
6School of Biological Sciences Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica P.O. Box 86‐3000, Campus Omar Dengo Heredia Costa Rica
7Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Burgemeester van Gansberghelaan 109, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium

Tóm tắt

Abstract

Vanilla, an expensive but popular spice used in many industries, faces problems related to its supply. Some of these problems are due to the fact that vanilla cultivation is based on clonal material of a single species (Vanilla planifolia) and is dominated by just a few countries located outside the native growing areas of aromatic vanilla species, which is the neotropics. Despite the economic importance of this crop, relatively little attention has been paid to its wild relatives, in particular with respect to their biology, ecology, and potential use. We hypothesized that species distribution models (SDMs) can identify suitable areas for both the conservation and cultivation of vanilla crop wild relatives (CWRs), following a joint land sparing/land sharing (SPASHA) approach, thus offering alternative sourcing areas and production methods. This is the first study that explored the use of ensemble SDMs to provide applicable land use maps related to the conservation and sustainable cultivation of wild vanilla species in Costa Rica, contributing to a solution for the problems related to current vanilla production systems. We focused on four aromatic vanilla CWRs, native to Costa Rica, to make land use policy recommendations for this country, and more specifically for the biological corridor Osa and its surroundings within our study region Área de Conservación Osa (ACOSA). The resulting distribution maps, with a mean AUC of 0.89, reflected their current potential distribution (ranging from unsuitable to suitable) in Costa Rica. Combining them with recent land use and conservation area maps of our study region, we defined (1) areas for vanilla conservation and (2) areas for sustainable vanilla cultivation within agroforestry systems. These land use recommendations can now be integrated within the National Bio‐Corridor Program (PNCB) that aims at making biological corridors more productive by proposing alternative income generation for local communities living within these areas. Our approach can be applied to identify priority areas for implementing the SPASHA approach on other vanilla CWRs and in more regions across its native growing ranges, given the availability of land use maps and enough occurrence records to build accurate SDMs.

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