Vacuum Melt Infiltration of 2D Tyranno SA3 Ceramic Matrix Composites with Cr-25(wt.%)Si Intermetallic Alloy
Tóm tắt
The potential and limitations of vacuum melt infiltrating woven preforms of 2D Tyranno SA3 (Trademark of Ube Industries, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.) fibers with Cr-25(wt.%)Si alloy were investigated. Microstructural observations revealed that the volume fractions of open voids infiltrated by the molten metal varied between 3.7 and 10.0% irrespective of the magnitudes of the melt infiltration temperatures and hold times, which was attributed in part to substantial volatilization of the silicide charge based on computational thermodynamics. In the absence of experimental data, poor wettability of the melt could not be ruled out unambiguously. Other possible reasons are carefully examined and discarded. Ring microstructures were observed around the fibers mainly at the outer surfaces of the infiltrated preform, where the BN and chemical vapor infiltrated SiC coatings had vaporized in the high vacuum environment. In contrast, they were absent in the interior of the preform, where the coatings were still present with no evidence of molten metal attack of the coatings. Details of thermodynamic calculations are presented to confirm the volatilization of the BN and CVI SiC coatings, thereby resulting in the ring microstructures due to the filling of voids by the molten silicide. It is concluded that successful melt infiltration of Tyranno SA3 with Cr-25%Si can be only achieved under sufficient positive pressure to prevent volatilization of the coatings and the molten silicide.
Tài liệu tham khảo
D. Brewer, HSR/EPM Combustor Materials Development Program, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1999, A261, p 284–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(98)01079-X
H. Ohnabe, S. Masaki, K.M. Onozuka, K. Miyahara, and T. Sasa, Potential Application of Ceramic Matrix Composites to Aero-Engine Components, Compos. Part A, 1999, 30, p 489–496.
C.M. Grondahl and T. Tsuchiya, Performance Benefit Assessment of Ceramic Components in a MS9001FA Gas Turbine, J. Eng. Gas Turbine Power, 2000, 123, p 513–519. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1335476
T. Kameda, Y. Itoh, T. Hishata,and T. Okamura, Development of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Reaction Sintered Silicon Carbide Matrix Composite for Gas Turbine Hot Parts Application, ASME, 2000, Paper No. 2000-GT-67. https://doi.org/10.1115/2000-GT-0067
R.J. Miller, Design Approaches for High Temperature Composite Aeroengine Components, Comprehensive Composite Materials. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2000, p 181–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-042993-9/00138-8
K.K. Chawla, Ceramic Matrix Composites, 2nd ed. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, 2003.
R. Naslain, Design, Preparation and Properties of Non-Oxide CMCs for Applications in Engines and Nuclear Reactor: An Overview, Comp. Sci. Technol., 2004, 64, p 155–170.
G.S. Corman and K.L. Luthra, Silicon Melt Infiltrated Ceramic Composites (HiPerComp), Handbook of Ceramic Composites. N.P. Bansal Ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA, 2005, p 99–115
J.A. DiCarlo, H.M. Yun, G.N. Morscher, and R.T. Bhatt, SiC/SiC Composites for 1200 °C and Above, Handbook of Ceramics, Glasses and Composites. N.P. Bansal Ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA, 2005, p 77–98
J.A. DiCarlo and M. van Roode, Ceramic Composite Development for Gas Turbine Hot Section Components, In: Proceedings of GT2006 ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea and Air, Barcelona, Spain, ASME, 2006, Paper No. GT 2006-90151, p 221–231. https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2006-90151
F. Christin, CMC Materials for Space and Aeronautical Applications, Ceramic Matrix Composites. W. Krenkel Ed., Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim, 2008, p 327–351
M. C. Halbig, M. H. Jaskowiak, J. D. Kiser,, and D. Zhu, Evaluation of Ceramic Matrix Composite Technology for Aircraft Turbine Engine Applications, In: Proceedings of the 51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Grapevine, Texas, January 7–10, 2013, Paper No. AIAA-2013-0539, 2013. https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/pdf/https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-539
Report entitled: "Global Ceramic Matrix Composites Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report by Product (Oxide, Silicon Carbide, Carbon), by Application (Aerospace, Defense, Energy & Power, Electrical & Electronics), and Segment Forecasts, 2022–2030", Research and Markets, 198 pages, June 2022, ID 4479748. https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/4479748/global-ceramic-matrix-composites-market-size#src-pos-3.
F.W. Zok, Ceramic-Matrix Composites Enable Revolutionary Gains in Turbine Engine Efficiency, Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 2016, 95, p 22–28.
G.N. Morscher, Stress-Dependent Matrix Cracking in 2D Woven SiC-Fiber Reinforced Melt-Infiltrated SiC Matrix Composites, Compos. Sci. Tech., 2004, 64, p 311–319.
G.N. Morscher, M. Singh, J.D. Kiser, M. Freedman, and R. Bhatt, Modeling Stress-Dependent Matrix Cracking and Stress–Strain Behavior in 2D Woven SiC Fiber Reinforced CVI SiC Composites, Comp. Sci. Tech., 2007, 67, p 1009–1017.
G.N. Morscher and V.V. Pujar, Design Guidelines for In-Plane Mechanical Properties of SiC Fiber-Reinforced Melt-Infiltrated SiC Composites, Intern. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol., 2009, 6, p 151–163.
G.N. Morscher, Advanced Woven SiC/SiC Composites for High Temperature Applications, In:Composites at Lake Louise conference, Oct. 28–Nov. 2, 2007, Alberta, Canada. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20080006057.pdf.
J. Steibel, G.S. Corman, R.C. Schikner, and A. Szweda, Article and Method for Making Complex Shaped Preform and Silicon Carbide Composite by Melt Infiltration, U.S. Patent 6,258,737 B1, July 10, 2001.
S.V. Raj, Thermal Expansion of Hot-Pressed Engineered Ceramic Materials, Ceram Intern., 2016, 42, p 2557–2569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.10.058
S.V. Raj, High Temperature Creep and Oxidation Resistant Chromium Silicide Matrix Alloy Containing Molybdenum, U. S. Patent No. 5,330,590 issued .
S.V. Raj, A Preliminary Assessment of the Properties of a Chromium Silicide Alloy for Aerospace Applications, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 1995, 192–193, p 583–589.
S.V. Raj, An Evaluation of the Properties of Cr3Si Alloyed with Mo, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1995, 201, p 229–241.
R.M. Dickerson, S.V. Raj, and I.E. Locci, A Preliminary Investigation of the Cr3Si -Mo Pseudo-Binary Phase Diagram, Proc. Mater. Res. Soc., 1995, 364, p 949–954.
S.V. Raj, J.D. Whittenberger, B. Zeumer, and G. Sauthoff, Elevated Temperature Deformation of Cr3Si Alloyed with Mo, Intermetall., 1999, 7, p 743–755.
S.V. Raj, Development and Characterization of Hot-Pressed Matrices for Engineered Ceramic Matrix Composites (E-CMCs), Ceram. Int., 2019, 45, p 3608–3619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.11.021
S.V. Raj, Melt Infiltration Studies of 2D Tyranno SA3 Ceramic Matrix Composite Preforms with CrSi2 Intermetallic Alloy, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2021, 104, p 2966–2980.
A.B. Gokhale, G.J. Abbaschian, Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams (T. B. Massalski, H. Okamoto, P. R. Subramanian and L. Kacprzak eds.), 1990, Vol. 2, p 1333–1335.
J.A. Champion, B.J. Keene, and S. Allen, Wetting of Refractory Materials by Molten Metallides, J. Mater. Sci., 1973, 8, p 423–426.
M.L. Santella and A.J. Moorhead, A Review of Oxide, Silicon Nitride, and Silicon Carbide Brazing, In: Annual North American Welding Research Seminar, Columbus, OH, USA, 29 Sep.–Oct. 1, 1987, Report No. CONF-870981-1, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Knoxville, TN, 1987. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6185784.
B. Drevet and N. Eustathopoulos, Wetting of Ceramics by Molten Silicon and Silicon Alloys: A Review, J. Mater. Sci., 2012, 47, p 8247–8260.
O. Dezellus and N. Eustathopoulos, Fundamental Issues of Reactive Wetting by Liquid Metals, J. Mater. Sci., 2010, 45, p 4256–4264.
G.W. Liu, M.L. Muolo, F. Valenza, and A. Passerone, Survey on Wetting of SiC by Molten Metals, Ceram. Int., 2010, 36, p 1177–1188.
R. Warren and C.H. Andersson, Silicon Carbide Fibres and their Potential for Use in Composite Materials Part II, Composites, 1984, 15, p 101–111.
Database ver. v2021.11.10, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. International License, Berkley Lab, CA. https://materialsproject.org/materials/mp-7506/
C.E. Myers, G.A. Murray, R.J. Kematick, and M.A. Frisch, In: Vaporization Thermodynamics of Chromium Silicides, Report ADR-A162–286, Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA, 1985.