Vaccination for Monkeypox Virus Infection in Humans: A Review of Key Considerations

Vaccines - Tập 10 Số 8 - Trang 1342
Kay Choong See1,2,3,4,5,6
1Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
2Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Mongolia, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea,
3Philippines, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Korea
4Region Countries African Region (AFR) Algeria,
5Region of the Americas (AMR) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,
6Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya,

Tóm tắt

Monkeypox virus infection in humans (MVIH) is currently an evolving public health concern given that >3000 MVIH cases have been reported in >50 countries globally, and the World Health Organization declared monkeypox a global health emergency on 23 July 2022. Adults (≥16 years old) usually have mild disease in contemporary studies, with a pooled case fatality rate of 0.03% (1/2941 cases). In comparison, poorer outcomes have been reported in children <16 years old (pooled case fatality rate 19% (4/21 cases)), immunocompromised patients, and pregnant women, with high rates of fetal demise in this group. Monkeypox-specific treatments include oral or intravenous tecovirimat, intravenous or topical cidofovir, oral brincidofovir, and vaccinia immunoglobulin, but the overall risk–benefit balance of monkeypox-specific treatment is unclear. Two effective vaccines exist for the prevention of MVIH: modified vaccinia Ankara and ACAM2000. Most probably, vaccination will be a key strategy for mitigating MVIH given the current rapid global spread of monkeypox, the existence of efficacious vaccines, and the uncertain risk–benefit profile of current antivirals. Priority groups for vaccination should include healthcare workers at high risk for occupational exposure, immunocompromised patients, and children. Vaccination strategies include pre-exposure vaccination, post-exposure prophylaxis, and ring vaccination of close contacts.

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