Vía de señalización dependiente de la proteincinasa de activación mitogénica en el carcinoma papilar de tiroides. De las bases moleculares a la práctica clínica
Tài liệu tham khảo
Hundahl, 1998, A National Center Data Base report on 53,856 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated in the U.S., 1985-1995, Cancer, 83, 2638, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19981215)83:12<2638::AID-CNCR31>3.0.CO;2-1
Ain, 1995, Papillary thyroid carcinoma. Etiology, assessment, and therapy, Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 24, 711, 10.1016/S0889-8529(18)30020-3
Mazzaferri, 1994, Long-term impact of initial surgical and medical therapy on papillary and follicular thyroid cancer, Am J Med, 97, 418, 10.1016/0002-9343(94)90321-2
Sturgill, 1986, Muscle proteins related to microtubule associated protein-2 are substrates for an insulin-stimulable kinase, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 134, 565, 10.1016/S0006-291X(86)80457-0
Avruch, 2007, MAP kinase pathways: the first twenty years, Biochim Biophys Acta, 1773, 1150, 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.11.006
Fagin, 2004, How thyroid tumors start and why it matters: kinase mutants as targets for solid cancer pharmacotherapy, J Endocrinol, 183, 249, 10.1677/joe.1.05895
Ciampi, 2007, Minireview: RET/PTC rearrangements and BRAF mutations in thyroid tumorigenesis, Endocrinology, 148, 936, 10.1210/en.2006-0921
Soares, 2003, BRAF mutations and RET/PTC rearrangements are alternative events in the etiopathogenesis of PTC, Oncogene, 22, 4578, 10.1038/sj.onc.1206706
Kimura, 2003, High prevalence of BRAF mutations in thyroid cancer: genetic evidence for constitutive activation of the RET/PTC-RAS-BRAF signaling pathway in papillary thyroid carcinoma, Cancer Res, 63, 1454
Melillo, 2005, The RET/PTC-RAS-BRAF linear signaling cascade mediates the motile and mitogenic phenotype of thyroid cancer cells, J Clin Invest, 115, 1068, 10.1172/JCI200522758
Fusco, 1987, A new oncogen in human thyroid paillary carcinomas and their lymph-nodal metastases, Nature, 328, 170, 10.1038/328170a0
Takahashi, 1985, Activation of a novel human transforming gene, ret, by DNA rearrangement, Cell, 42, 581, 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90115-1
Santoro, 2004, Dysfunction of the RET receptor in human cancer, Cell Mol Life Sci, 61, 2954, 10.1007/s00018-004-4276-8
Arighi, 2005, RET tyrosine kinase signaling in development and cancer, Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, 16, 441, 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2005.05.010
Teixeira, 2006, Recurrent fusion oncogenes in carcinomas, Crit Rev Oncog, 12, 257, 10.1615/CritRevOncog.v12.i3-4.40
De Groot, 2006, RET as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in sporadic and hereditary endocrine tumors, Endocr Rev, 27, 535, 10.1210/er.2006-0017
Santoro, 2006, RET/PTC activation in papillary thyroid carcinoma: European Journal of Endocrinology prizze lecture, Eur J Endocrinol, 155, 645, 10.1530/eje.1.02289
Santoro, 1993, The TRK and RET tyrosine kinase oncogenes cooperate with ras in the neoplastic transformation of a rat thyroid epithelial cell line, Cell Growth Differ, 4, 77
Jhiang, 1998, Thyroid carcinomas in RET/PTC transgenic mice, Recent Results Cancer Res, 154, 265, 10.1007/978-3-642-46870-4_17
Rhoden, 2006, RET/papillary thyroid cancer rearrangement in nonneoplastic thyrocytes: follicular cells of Hashimoto's thyroiditis share low-level recombination events with a subset of papillary carcinoma, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 91, 2414, 10.1210/jc.2006-0240
Corvi, 2001, Frequent RET rearrangements in thyroid papillary microcarcinoma detected by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization, Lab Invest, 81, 1639, 10.1038/labinvest.3780377
Fischer, 1998, Papillary thyroid carcinoma oncogene (RET/PTC) alters the nuclear envelope and chromatin structure, Am J Pathol, 153, 1443, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65731-8
Cheung, 2001, immunohistochemical diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma, Mod Pathol, 14, 338, 10.1038/modpathol.3880312
Santoro, 2002, RET activation and clinicopathologic features in poorly differentiated thyroid tumors, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 87, 370, 10.1210/jcem.87.1.8174
Viglietto, 1995, RET/PTC oncogene activation is an early event in thyroid carcinogenesis, Oncogene, 11, 1207
Smida, 1999, Distinc frequency of ret rearrangements in papillary thyroid carcinomas of children and adults from Belarus, Int J Cancer, 80, 32, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19990105)80:1<32::AID-IJC7>3.0.CO;2-L
Ito, 1993, In vitro irradiation is able to cause RET oncogene rearrangement, Cancer Res, 53, 2940
Mizuno, 2000, Preferential induction of RET/PTC1 rearrangement by X-ray irradiation, Oncogene, 19, 438, 10.1038/sj.onc.1203343
Hamatani, 2008, RET/PTC rearrangements preferentially occurred in papillary thyroid cancer among atomic bomb survivors exposed to high radiation dose, Cancer Res, 68, 7176, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-0293
Nikiforova, 2000, Proximity of chromosomal loci that participate in radiation-induced rearrangements in human cells, Science, 290, 138, 10.1126/science.290.5489.138
Yang, 1997, p53 induced by ionizing radiation mediates DNA endjointing activity, but not apoptosis of thyroid cells, Oncogene, 14, 1511, 10.1038/sj.onc.1200979
Pierotti, 2001, Chromosomal rearrangements in thyroid carcinomas: a recombination or death dilemma, Cancer Lett, 166, 1, 10.1016/S0304-3835(01)00439-6
Puxeddu, 2003, Ret/PTC activation does not influence clinical and pathological features of adult papillary thyroid carcinomas, Eur J Endocrinol, 148, 505, 10.1530/eje.0.1480505
Santoro, 1995, Molecular defects in thyroid carcinomas: role of the RET oncogene in thyroid neoplastic transformation, Eur J Endocrinol, 133, 513, 10.1530/eje.0.1330513
Sugg, 1998, Distinct multiple RET/PTC gene rearrangements in multifocal papillary thyroid neoplasia, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 83, 4116
Tallini, 1998, RET/PTC oncogene activation defines a subset of papillary thyroid carcinomas lacking evidence of progression to poorly differentiated or undifferentiated tumor phenotypes, Clin Cancer Res, 4, 287
Zafon, 2007, Clinical significance of RET/PTC and p53 protein expression in sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma, Histopathology, 50, 225, 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02555.x
Zou, 1994, Low rate of ret proto-oncogene activation (PTC/retTPC) in papillary thyroid carcinomas from saudi Arabia, Cancer, 73, 176, 10.1002/1097-0142(19940101)73:1<176::AID-CNCR2820730130>3.0.CO;2-T
Bongarzone, 1996, Age-related activation of the tyrosine kinase receptor protooncogenes RET and NTRK1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 81, 2006
Chiappetta, 2002, The RET/PTC oncogene is frequently activated in oncocytic thyroid tumors (Hurthle cell adenomas and carcinomas), but not in oncocytic hyperplastic lesions, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 87, 364, 10.1210/jcem.87.1.8180
Fenton, 2000, The ret/PTC mutations are common in sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma of children and young adults, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 85, 1170
Jhiang, 1994, The ret/PTC oncogene in papillary thyroid carcinoma, J Lab Clin Med, 123, 331
Rebelo, 2003, Immunostaining and RT-PCR: different approaches to search for RET rearrangements in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, Int J Oncol, 23, 1025
Shin, 2004, Expression of down stream molecules of RET (p-ERK, p-p38 MAPK, p-JNK and p-AKT) in papillary thyroid carcinomas, Yonsei Med J, 45, 306, 10.3349/ymj.2004.45.2.306
Zhu, 2006, Prevalence of RET/PTC rearrangements in thyroid papillary carcinomas: effects of the detection methods and genetic heterogeneity, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 91, 3603, 10.1210/jc.2006-1006
Soares, 1998, Sporadic ret-rearranged papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: a subset of slow growing, less aggresive thyroid neoplasms?, J Pathol, 185, 71, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199805)185:1<71::AID-PATH42>3.0.CO;2-S
Basolo, 2001, RET protein expression has no prognostic impact on the long-term outcome of papillary thyroid carcinoma, Eur J Endocrinol, 145, 599, 10.1530/eje.0.1450599
Erdogan, 2008, The prevalence of RET/PTC mutations in papillary thyroid cancers in Turkish population and its relation between tumor histopathology and prognostic factors, Exp Clin Endocrinol Diab, 116, 225, 10.1055/s-2007-992153
Musholt, 2000, Prognostic significance of RET and NTRK1 rearrangements in sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma, Surgery, 128, 984, 10.1067/msy.2000.110845
Mai, 2001, Immunostaining for ret oncogene proteins in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a correlation of ret immunoreactivity and potential of lymph node metastasis, Thyroid, 11, 859, 10.1089/105072501316973118
Miki, 1999, ret/PTC expression may be associated with local invasion of thyroid papillary carcinoma, J Surg Oncol, 71, 76, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9098(199906)71:2<76::AID-JSO4>3.0.CO;2-0
Alberti, 2003, RET and NTRK1 proto-oncogenes in human diseases, J Cell Physiol, 195, 168, 10.1002/jcp.10252
Pierotti, 2006, Oncogenic rearrangements of the NTRK1/NGF receptor, Cancer Lett, 28, 90, 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.07.043
Greco, 1992, TRK-T1 is a novel oncogene formed by the fusion of TPR and TRK genes in human papillary thyroid carcinomas, Oncogene, 7, 237
Brzezianska, 2007, Rearrangements of NTRK1 oncogene in papillary thyroid carcinoma, Neuro Endocrinol Lett, 28, 221
Russell, 2000, The TRK-T1 fusion protein induces neoplastic transformation of thyroid epithelium, Oncogene, 19, 5729, 10.1038/sj.onc.1203922
Roccato, 2005, Proximity of TPR and NTRK1 rearranging loci in human thyrocytes, Cancer Res, 65, 2572, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-4294
Bounacer, 2000, Search for NTRK1 proto-oncogene rearrangements in human thyroid tumours originated after therapeutic radiation, Br J Cancer, 82, 308, 10.1054/bjoc.1999.0920
Rabes, 2000, Pattern of radiation-induced RET and NTRK1 rearrangements in 191 post-chernobyl papillary thyroid carcinomas: biological, phenotypic, and clinical implications, Clin Cancer Res, 6, 1093
Brzezianska, 2006, Molecular analysis of the RET and NTRK1 gene rearrangements in papillary thyroid carcinoma in the Polish population, Mutat Res, 599, 26, 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.12.013
Kuo, 2000, Low frequency of rearrangement of TRK protooncogen in Chinese thyroid tumors, Endocrine, 13, 341, 10.1385/ENDO:13:3:341
Delvincourt, 1996, Ret and trk proto-oncogene activation in thyroid papillary carcinomas in French patients from the Champagne-Ardenne region, Clin Biochem, 29, 267, 10.1016/0009-9120(96)00006-9
Ness, 1996, Cytoplasmic localization of EGF receptor in papillary thyroid carcionomas: association with the 150-kDa receptor form, Int J Cancer, 17, 161, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19960117)65:2<161::AID-IJC6>3.0.CO;2-X
Chen, 1999, Co-overexpression of p53 protein and epidermal growth factor receptor in human papillary thyroid carcinomas correlated with lymph node metastasis, tumor size and clinicopathologic stage, Int J Oncol, 15, 893
Gorgoulis, 1992, Expression of epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor in thyroid tumors, In Vivo, 6, 291
Marti, 2001, Nuclear localization of epidermal growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptors in human thyroid tissues, Thyroid, 11, 137, 10.1089/105072501300042785
Ensinger, 2004, Epidermal growth factor receptor as a novel therapeutic target in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas, Ann NY Acad Sci, 1030, 69, 10.1196/annals.1329.009
Schiff, 2004, Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in anaplastic thyroid cancer, and the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib inhibits the growth of anaplastic thyroid cancer, Clin Cancer Res, 10, 8594, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0690
Liu, 2008, Highly prevalent genetic alterations in receptor tyrosine kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in anaplastic and follicular thyroid cancers, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 93, 3106, 10.1210/jc.2008-0273
Chen, 1999, Overexpression of c-Met protein in human thyroid tumors correlated with lymph node metastasis and clinicopathologic stage, Pathol Res Pract, 195, 427, 10.1016/S0344-0338(99)80017-X
Zanetti, 1998, Expression of Met protein and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR-R) in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, J Pathol, 186, 287, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199811)186:3<287::AID-PATH175>3.0.CO;2-X
Ramirez, 2000, Over-expression of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) and the HGF/SF receptor (cMET) are associated with a high risk of metastasis and recurrence for children and young adults with papillary thyroid carcinoma, Clin Endocrinol, 53, 635, 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.01124.x
Siraj, 2007, Genome-wide expression analysis of Middle Eastern papillary thyroid cancer reveals c-MET as a novel target for cancer therapy, J Pathol, 213, 190, 10.1002/path.2215
Di Renzo, 1995, Overexpression of the c-MET/HGF receptor in human thyroid carcinomas derived from the follicular epithelium, J Endocrinol Invest, 18, 134, 10.1007/BF03349722
Nardone, 2003, c-MET expression in tall cell variant papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, Cancer, 98, 1386, 10.1002/cncr.11638
Fluge, 2001, Difference in patterns of Met expression in papillary thyroid carcinomas and nonneoplastic thyroid tissue, World J Surg, 25, 623, 10.1007/s002680020167
Oyama, 1998, c-Met expression of thyroid tissue with special reference to papillary carcinoma, Pathol Int, 48, 763, 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1998.tb03835.x
Motti, 2007, Loss of p27 expression through RAS → BRAF → MAP kinase-dependent pathway in human thyroid carcinomas, Cell Cycle, 6, 2817, 10.4161/cc.6.22.4883
Bos, 1989, Ras oncogenes in human cancer: a review, Cancer Res, 49, 4682
Giordano, 2005, Molecular classification of papillary thyroid carcinoma: distinct BRAF, RAS, and RET/PTC mutation specific gene expression profiles discovered by DNA microarray analysis, Oncogene, 24, 6646, 10.1038/sj.onc.1208822
Namba, 1990, H-ras protooncogene mutations in human thyroid neoplasms, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 71, 223, 10.1210/jcem-71-1-223
Nikiforov, 2008, Thyroid carcinoma: molecular pathways and therapeutic targets, Mod Pathol, 21, S37, 10.1038/modpathol.2008.10
Riesco-Eizaguirre, 2007, New insights in thyroid follicular cell biology and its impact in thyroid cancer therapy, Endocr Relat Cancer, 14, 957, 10.1677/ERC-07-0085
Cyniak-Magierska, 2007, Prevalence of RAS point mutations in papillary thyroid carcinoma; a novel mutation at codon 31 of K-RAS, Exp Clin ndocrinol Diab, 115, 594, 10.1055/s-2007-981670
Lemoine, 1988, Activated ras oncogenes in human thyroid cancers, Cancer Res, 48, 4459
Namba, 1990, Point mutations of ras oncogenes are an early event in thyroid tumorigenesis, Mol Endocrinol, 4, 1474, 10.1210/mend-4-10-1474
Khwaja, 1997, Matrix adhesion and Ras transformation both activate a phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase and protein kinase B/Akt cellular survival pathway, EMBO, 16, 2783, 10.1093/emboj/16.10.2783
Rak, 1995, Massive programmed cell death in intestinal epithelial cells induced by three-dimensional growth conditions: suppression by mutant c-H-ras oncogene expression, J Cell Biol, 131, 1587, 10.1083/jcb.131.6.1587
Shirokawa, 2000, Conditional apoptosis induced by oncogenic ras in thyroid cells, Mol Endocrinol, 14, 1725, 10.1210/mend.14.11.0559
De Vita, 2005, Dose-dependent inhibition of thyroid differentiation by RAS oncogenes, Mol Endocrinol, 19, 76, 10.1210/me.2004-0172
Di Cristofaro, 2006, Expression of TPO mRNA in thyroid tumors: quantitative PCR analysis and correlation with alterations of ret, braf, ras and pax8 genes, Endocr Relat Cancer, 13, 485, 10.1677/erc.1.01164
Saavedra, 2000, The RAS oncogene induces genomic inestability in thyroid PCCL3 cells via the MAPK pathway, Oncogene, 19, 3948, 10.1038/sj.onc.1203723
Basolo, 1994, Expression of p21 ras protein as a prognostic factor in papillary thyroid cancer, Eur J Cancer, 30A, 171, 10.1016/0959-8049(94)90081-7
Nikiforov, 2004, Genetic alterations involved in the transition from well-differentiated to poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas, Endocr Pathol, 15, 319, 10.1385/EP:15:4:319
Wang, 2007, Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid arising more often from follicular carcinoma than papillary carcinoma, Ann Surg Oncol, 14, 3011, 10.1245/s10434-007-9503-8
Basolo, 2000, N-ras mutation in poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas: correlation with bone metastases and inverse correlation to thyroglobulin expression, Thyroid, 10, 19, 10.1089/thy.2000.10.19
Garcia-Rostan, 2003, ras mutations are associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes and poor prognosis in thyroid cancer, J Clin Oncol, 21, 3226, 10.1200/JCO.2003.10.130
Mercer, 2003, Raf proteins and cancer: B-Raf is identified as a mutational target, Biochim Biophys Acta, 1653, 25
Robinson, 1997, Mitogen-activated protein pathways, Curr Opin Cell Biol, 17, 5588
Hanahan, 2000, The hallmarks of cancer, Cell, 100, 57, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81683-9
Garnett, 2004, Guilty as charged: B-RAF is a human oncogene, Cancer Cell, 6, 313, 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.09.022
Davies, 2002, Mutations in the braf gene in human cancer, Nature, 417, 949, 10.1038/nature00766
Dhillon, 2004, Oncogenic b-raf mutations: crystal clear at last, Cancer Cell, 5, 303, 10.1016/S1535-6108(04)00087-X
Pratilas, 2007, Therapeutic strategies for targeting BRAF in human cancer, Rev Recent Clin Trials, 2, 121, 10.2174/157488707780599393
Fukushima, 2003, BRAF mutations in papillary carcinomas of the thyroid, Oncogene, 22, 6455, 10.1038/sj.onc.1206739
Namba, 2003, Clinical implication of hot spot BRAF mutation, V599E in papillary thyroid cancers, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 88, 4393, 10.1210/jc.2003-030305
Nikiforova, 2003, BRAF mutations in thyroid tumors are restricted to papillary carcinomas and anaplastic and poorly differentiated carcinomas arising from papillary carcinomas, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 88, 5399, 10.1210/jc.2003-030838
Xu, 2003, High prevalence of BRAF gene mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma and thyroid tumor cell lines, Cancer Res, 63, 4561
Xing, 2005, BRAF mutation in thyroid cancer, Endocr Relat Cancer, 12, 245, 10.1677/erc.1.0978
Ciampi, 2005, Alterations of BRAF gene in thyroid tumors, Endocr Pathol, 16, 163, 10.1385/EP:16:3:163
Unger, 2004, Heterogeneity in the distribution of RET/PTC rearrangements within individual post-Chernobyl papillary thyroid carcinomas, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89, 4272, 10.1210/jc.2003-031870
Bounacer, 1997, High prevalence of activating ret proto- oncogene rearrangements in thyroid tumors from patients who had received external radiation, Oncogene, 15, 1263, 10.1038/sj.onc.1200206
Xing, 2004, BRAF T1796A transversion mutation in various thyroid neoplasms, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89, 1365, 10.1210/jc.2003-031488
Ciampi, 2005, Oncogenic AKAP9-BRAF fusion is a novel mechanism of MAPK pathway activation in thyroid cancer, J Clin Invest, 115, 94, 10.1172/JCI23237
Fusco, 2005, A new mechanism of BRAF activation in human thyroid papillary carcinomas, J Clin Invest, 115, 20, 10.1172/JCI200523987
Fugazzola, 2006, Correlation between B-RAF V600E mutation and clinicopathological parameters in papillary thyroid carcinoma: data from a multicentric Italian study and review of the literature, Endocr Relat Cancer, 13, 455, 10.1677/erc.1.01086
Puxeddu, 2004, BRAF (V599E) mutation is the leading genetic event in adult sporadic papillary thyroid carcinomas, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89, 2414, 10.1210/jc.2003-031425
Xing, 2007, BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid cancer: pathogenic role, molecular bases, and clinical implications, Endocr Rev, 28, 742, 10.1210/er.2007-0007
Cohen, 2004, Mutational analysis of BRAF in the fine needle aspiration biopsies of the thyroid: a potential application for the preoperative assessment of thyroid nodules, Clin Cancer Res, 10, 2761, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0273
Hayashida, 2004, A rapid and simple detection method for the BRAF (T1796A) mutation in fine-needle aspirated thyroid carcinoma cells, Thyroid, 14, 910, 10.1089/thy.2004.14.910
Salvatore, 2004, Analysis of BRAF point mutation and RET/PTC rearrangement refines the fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89, 5175, 10.1210/jc.2003-032221
Xing, 2004, Detection of BRAF mutation on fine needle aspiration biopsy specimens: a new diagnostic tool for papillary thyroid cancer, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89, 2867, 10.1210/jc.2003-032050
Chang, 2003, Signal transduction mediated by the Ras/ Raf/MEK/ERK pathway from cytokine receptors to transcription factors: potential targeting for therapeutic intervention, Leukemia, 17, 1263, 10.1038/sj.leu.2402945
Manash, 2004, Tyrosine kinase-role and significance in cancer, Int J Med Sci, 1, 101
Pinto Couto, 2009, How molecular pathology is changing and will change the therapeutics of patients with follicular cellderived thyroid cancer?, J Clin Pathol
Lanzi, 2009, Targeting RET for thyroid cancer therapy, Biochem Pharmacol, 77, 297, 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.10.033
Knowles, 2006, Structure and chemical inhibition of RET tyrosine kinase domain, J Biol Chem, 281, 33577, 10.1074/jbc.M605604200
Sathornsumetee, 2006, Vandetanib, a novel multitargeted kinase inhibitor, in cancer therapy, Drugs Today (Barc), 42, 657, 10.1358/dot.2006.42.10.1025318
Carlomagno, 2002, ZD6474, an orally available inhibitor of KDR tyrosine kinase activity, efficiently blocks oncogenic RET kinases, Cancer Res, 62, 7284
Henderson, 2008, Sorafenib potently inhibits papillary thyroid carcinomas harboring RET/PTC1 rearrangement, Clin Cancer Res, 14, 4908, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1772
Gupta-Abramson, 2008, Phase II trial of sorafenib in advanced thyroid cancer, J Clin Oncol, 26, 4714, 10.1200/JCO.2008.16.3279
Kim, 2006, An orally administered multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor, SU11248, is a novel potent inhibitor of thyroid oncogenic RET/Papillary thyroid cancer kinases, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 91, 4070, 10.1210/jc.2005-2845
Dawson, 2008, Sustained clinical responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib in thyroid carcinoma, Anticancer Drugs, 19, 547, 10.1097/CAD.0b013e3282fc6cf7
Carlomagno, 2003, Efficient inhibitor of RET/Papillary thyroid carcinoma oncogenic kinases by 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)- 7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP2), J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 88, 1897, 10.1210/jc.2002-021278
Chattopadhyay, 2008, Small molecule c-MET inhibitor PHA665752: effect on cell growth and motility in papillary thyroid carcinoma, Head Neck, 30, 991, 10.1002/hed.20816
Mitsutake, 2006, BRAF mediates RET/PTC-induced mitogenactivated protein kinase activation in thyroid cells: functional support for requirement of the RET/PTC-RAS-BRAF pathway in papillary thyroid carcinogenesis, Endocrinology, 147, 1014, 10.1210/en.2005-0280
Ouyang, 2006, Inhibitors of Raf kinase activity block growth of thyroid cancer cells with RET/PTC or BRAF mutations in vitro and in vivo, Clin Cancer Res, 12, 1785, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-1729
Chiloeches, 2006, Is BRAF the Achilles’ heel of thyroid cancer?, Clin Cancer Res, 12, 1661, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-0051
Mitsiades, 2007, Targeting BRAFV600E in thyroid carcinoma: therapeutic implications, Mol Cancer Ther, 6, 1070, 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-06-0449
Ball, 2007, Selective growth inhibitor in BRAF mutant thyroid cancer by the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor AZD6244, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 92, 4712, 10.1210/jc.2007-1184
Adjei, 2008, Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the oral, small-molecule mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) in patients with advanced cancers, J Clin Oncol, 26, 2139, 10.1200/JCO.2007.14.4956