Sử dụng thiết bị bay không người lái để khảo sát phân bố theo chiều dọc của bụi mịn

D. Wang1, Z. Wang2, Z.-R. Peng1,3,4
1Center for Intelligent Transportation Systems and Unmanned Aerial Systems Applications, State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
2College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
3China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
4International Center for Adaptation Planning and Design (iAdapt), School of Landscape Architecture and Planning, College of Design, Construction, and Planning, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA

Tóm tắt

Sự phân bố theo chiều dọc của bụi mịn (PM2.5) là một liên kết quan trọng trong việc hiểu biết về việc vận chuyển và sự phát triển của sương mù. Tuy nhiên, các trạm quan trắc mặt đất hiện tại không thể cung cấp đủ quan sát theo chiều dọc của PM2.5, đặc biệt là ở quy mô nhỏ về không gian và thời gian. Nghiên cứu này đã triển khai một thiết bị bay không người lái (UAV) sáu cánh quạt, được trang bị các thiết bị đo di động, để quan sát sự phân bố theo chiều dọc của PM2.5 và các thông số khí tượng trong tầng đối lưu dưới 1000 m. Bằng cách so sánh với trạm quan trắc mặt đất và nền tảng khí cầu treo cho các phép đo PM2.5, UAV được cải thiện và sau đó được sử dụng để thực hiện một thí nghiệm quan sát thực địa tại khu vực Qingpu, Thượng Hải, Trung Quốc. Các quan sát dựa trên UAV cho thấy một profile chiều dọc của PM2.5 giảm dần trong ngày thí nghiệm, với mức giảm hơn 50% ở độ cao 0–1000 m. PM2.5 có một mô hình chiều dọc giảm nhanh sau 700 m vào buổi chiều, nhưng PM2.5 vào buổi sáng đã giảm nhanh chóng từ 200 đến 500 m so với các khoảng cao độ khác trong giai đoạn này. Sự đảo ngược nhiệt độ ở độ cao thấp vào buổi sáng đã chặn không cho PM2.5 mới hình thành ở mặt đất khuếch tán lên trên, và PM2.5 ở trên sự đảo ngược nhiệt độ chủ yếu bao gồm các phần dư của đêm trước. Sự đảo ngược nhiệt độ dần dần leo lên vào buổi chiều, điều này có lợi cho sự khuếch tán của PM2.5 gần mặt đất. Sự khác biệt về độ ẩm tương đối ở trên và dưới độ cao 700 m chỉ ra các nguồn gốc địa lý khác nhau mà đã được phân tích và giải thích rõ ràng thông qua phân tích cụm. Nghiên cứu này nói chung nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của việc sử dụng UAV nhẹ để hiểu biết về ô nhiễm không khí và các môi trường quản lý ở khu vực đô thị.

Từ khóa

#PM2.5 #UAV #phân bố chiều dọc #sương mù #quan trắc môi trường

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