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Sử dụng QMRA để hiểu rõ những rủi ro tiếp xúc tiềm năng từ SARS-CoV-2 trong môi trường nước
Tóm tắt
Nghiên cứu này đã điều tra nguy cơ nhiễm bệnh ở con người do việc nuốt phải nước không chủ ý trong quá trình bơi lội ở một con sông nhận nước thải chứa SARS-CoV-2 từ một nhà máy xử lý nước thải (WWTP). Phương pháp đánh giá rủi ro vi sinh vật định lượng (QMRA) đã được áp dụng để ước lượng nguy cơ sử dụng các mô hình đáp ứng liều (DRM) của các loại coronavirus thay thế khác nhau (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV) và virus gây ra hầu hết các bệnh hô hấp nhiễm trùng (tức là, influenza A H5N1) do sự không có sẵn của DRM cho SARS-CoV-2. Tỷ lệ giữa nồng độ gây nhiễm và bản sao gen của SARS-CoV-2 vẫn chưa được biết đến và cũng không có dữ liệu cho các coronavirus khác. Do đó, thông tin dựa trên văn học về virus ruột đã được sử dụng để xây dựng tỷ lệ cho QMRA, mặc dù được công nhận rằng việc xác định thông tin này cho SARS-CoV-2 là ưu tiên hàng đầu, và trong trường hợp không có thông tin cụ thể cho SARS-CoV-2, một loại coronavirus khác sẽ là một thay thế tốt hơn cho các virus ruột được sử dụng ở đây. Nồng độ SARS-CoV-2 đã tiêu thụ được tính toán dao động trong khoảng từ 4.6 × 10−7 đến 80.5 bản sao gen/giọt (một lần bơi = 32 mL). Nguy cơ nhiễm bệnh (> 9 × 10−12 đến 5.8 × 10−1) được tìm thấy là > 1/10.000 nguy cơ nhiễm bệnh hàng năm. Hơn nữa, nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng việc ước lượng nguy cơ chủ yếu phụ thuộc vào giá trị của nồng độ phân tử của SARS-CoV-2 (gc/mL). Tổng thể, cần có sự chú ý ngay lập tức để thu thập thông tin về (i) tỷ lệ virus gây nhiễm và bản sao gen, (ii) DRM cho SARS-CoV-2, và (iii) tỷ lệ giảm virus sau khi xử lý tại các nhà máy xử lý nước thải (WWTP). Cấu trúc QMRA được sử dụng trong những phát hiện hiện tại rất hữu ích trong việc phân tích và ưu tiên các rủi ro sức khỏe sắp tới do việc bơi lội ở các con sông bị ô nhiễm trong thời gian bùng phát COVID-19.
Từ khóa
#SARS-CoV-2 #QMRA #nguy cơ nhiễm bệnh #môi trường nước #virus ruộtTài liệu tham khảo
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