Usefulness of Endobronchial Ultrasonography for Transbronchial Lung Biopsies of Peripheral Lung Lesions

<i>Background: </i>Peripheral lung lesions are increasing in numbers. Endoscopic diagnosis is essential for the prevention of unnecessary operations. Conventional diagnostic procedures have limitations in availability and results. <i>Objectives:</i> Endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS) was investigated as a means to guide transbronchial lung biopsy, to reduce the discomfort during the procedure and to improve diagnostic accuracy. <i>Methods:</i> In 50 cases, we performed transbronchial lung biopsy combined with EBUS and fluoroscopic guidance. The results were compared to 42 controls assessed by fluoroscopy only. <i>Results:</i> In 38 cases (76%), EBUS could describe the peripheral lesion (33 from inside, including 9 cases with difficulties in fluoroscopic observation, and 5 from an adjacent bronchus, indicating the correct location of the lesion). If successfully placed inside, a change in the patient’s position was not required, which helped to reduce patient discomfort. Lung cancer was diagnosed in 24 patients and benign disease in 25 patients; in 1 case diagnosis remained unknown. When the EBUS probe could be introduced inside the lesion, the sensitivity for cancer diagnosis and specificity for cancer exclusion were 100%, respectively (15/15, 18/18). Compared to the controls in whom the biopsy site was determined by fluoroscopy only, the sensitivity tended to be superior by EBUS, although it did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.06). However, specificity and accuracy were statistically significant (both p = 0.02). <i>Conclusions:</i> When the lesion can be correctly described by EBUS from inside the lesion, EBUS is useful to guide transbronchial lung biopsy, can contribute to a reduction in patient discomfort and improves the accuracy of diagnosis. Additional navigation tools to increase correct positioning of the EBUS probe are desirable.