Use of veterinary drugs in intensive animal production

Christoph Winckler1, Alexander Grafe1
1Research Centre for Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Driverstrasse 22, D-49377, Vechta, Germany

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Commission of the EEC (1992): Directive 92/18/EEC. Commission Directive modifying the Annex to Council Directive 81/ 852/EEC on the approximation of the laws of Member States relating to the analytical, pharmacotoxicological and clinical standards and protocols in respect of the testing of veterinary medicinal products. Off J EECL 97, 1–12

Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences (DIAS) (1997): Antibiotika- forbruget i danske husdyrbesætninger. DIAS. Foulum: 38–51

European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA) (2000): Guideline on environmental impact assessment for veterinary medicinal products CVMP/VICH/592/98. London, United Kingdom

Frey HH, LöscherW (1996): Lehrbuch der Pharmakologie und Toxikologie für die Veterinärmedizin. F. Enke-Verlag, Stuttgart

Gavalchin J, Katz SE (1994): The persistence of fecal-borne antibiotics in soil. J. AOAC Int77: 481–485

Grafe A (2001): Untersuchungen zum Einsatz pharmakologisch wirksamer Stoffe in der Veredelungswirtschaft unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Tetrazykline. Doctoral thesis, University of Goettingen, in press

Hamscher G, Sczesny S, Abu-Quare A, HöperH (2000): Stoffe mit pharmakologischer Wirkung einschließlich hormonell aktiver Substanzen in der Umwelt: Nachweis von Tetrazyklinen in güllegedüngten Böden. Dtsch tierärztl Wschr107: 332–334

Herd RP, Sams RA, Ahscraft SM (1996): Persistence of ivermectin in plasma and faeces following treatment of cows with ivermectin sustained-release, pour-on or injectable formulations. Int J Parasitol26: 1087–1093

Hilpert R, Winter J, KandlerO (1984): Agricultural feed additives and disinfectants as inhibitory factors in anaerobic digestions. Agricultural Wastes10, 103–116

Hirsch R, Ternes TA, Haberer K, Mehlich A, Ballwanz F, Kratz KL (1998): Determination of antibiotics in different water compartments via liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J ChromatogrA 815, 213–223

Hlavka JJ, Boothe JH (1985): The Tetracyclines. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo

JagnowG (1977): Mikrobieller Abbau der Futtermittelantibiotika Zink-Bacitracin, Flavophospholipol, Spyramycin und von Tetracyclin in feucht gelagertem und in mit Boden vermischtem Hühnerkot. Proc Landwirtsch Forsch, Part 1: 227–234

KrokerR (1983): Aspekte zur Ausscheidung antimikrobiell wirksamer Substanzen nach der chemotherapeutischen Behandlung von Nutztieren. Wissenschaft und Umwelt4: 305–308

Kühne M, Wegmann S, Kobe A, FriesR (2000a): Tetracycline residues in bones of slaughtered animals. Food Control11, 175–180

Kühne M, Ihnen D, Möller G, AghteO (2000b): Stability of tetracycline in water and liquid manure. J Vet Med A47: 379–384

Langhammer J-P (1989): Untersuchungen zum Verbleib antimikrobiell wirksamer Arzneistoffe als Rückstände in Gülle und im landwirtschaftlichen Umfeld. Doctoral thesis, University of Bonn.

Langhammer J-P, Büning-Pfaue H, Winkelmann J, KörnerE (1988): Chemotherapeutika-Rückstände und -Resistenzverhalten bei der Bestandsbehandlung von Sauen post partum. Tierärztl Umschau43, 375–382

Lunestad BT, GoksoyrJ (1990): Reduction in the antibacterial effect of oxytetracycline in sea water by complex formation with magnesium and calcium. Dis Aquat Org.9: 67–72

Oka H, Ikai Y, Kawamura N, Yamada M, Harada K, Ho S, SuzukiM (1989): Photodecomposition products of tetracycline in aqueous solution. J Agric Food Chem37, 226–231

Rabølle M, Spliid NH (2000): Sorption and mobility of metronidazol, olaquindox, oxytetracycline and tylosin in soil. Chemosphere40: 715–722

Ramazza V, Zucchi M, Lanzoni A, BianchiC (1996): Presence of oxytetracycline in pig farming after higher doses and longer administration times in comparison to the suggested ones. Proc. Euro Residue Conference III, Veldhoven, The Netherlands, Vol2: 814–818

Rassow D, SchaperH (1996): Zum Einsatz von Fütterungsarzneimitteln in Schweine- und Geflügelbeständen in der Region Weser- Ems. Dtsch tierärztl Wschr103: 237–284

Samuelsen OB, Lunestad BT, Ervik A, FjeldeS (1994): Stability of antibacterial agents in an artificial marine aquaculture sediment studied under laboratory conditions. Aquaculture126: 283–290

Sithole BB, Guy RD (1987): Models for oxytetracycline in aquatic environments. Interactions with humic substances. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution32, 315–321

StrongL (1993): Overview: the impact of avermectins on pastureland ecology. Vet Parasitol48: 3–17

Winckler C, GrafeA (2000): Abschätzung des Stoffeintrags in Böden durch Tierarzneimittel und pharmakologisch wirksame Futter- zusatzstoffe. UBA-Texte 44/00, Berlin