Use of positive expiratory pressure during six minute walk test: results in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Acquistapace F, Piepoli M: The walking test: use in clinical practice. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2009, 72: 3-9.

Chetta A, Pisi G, Aiello M, Tzani P, Olivieri D: The walking capacity assessment in the respiratory patient. Respiration. 2009, 77: 361-367. 10.1159/000212781.

Clini EM, Crisafulli E: Exercise capacity as a pulmonary rehabilitation outcome. Respiration. 2009, 77: 121-128. 10.1159/000192773.

Saetta M, Finkenstein R, Coslo MG: Morphological and cellular basis for air flow limitation in smokers. Eur Respir J. 1994, 7: 1505-1515. 10.1183/09031936.94.07081505.

Carter R, Holiday DB, Stocks J, Tiep B: Peak physiologic responses to arm and leg ergometry in male and female patients with airflow obstruction. Chest. 2000, 124: 511-518.

Killian KJ, Leblanc P, Martin DH, Summers E, Jones NL, Campbell EJ: Exercise capacity and ventilator, circulatory, and symptom limitation in patients with chronic airflow limitation. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992, 146: 935-940. 10.1164/ajrccm/146.4.935.

Moga AM, de Marchie M, Saey D, Spahija J: Mechanisms of non-pharmacologic adjunct therapies used during exercise in COPD. Respir Med. 2012, 106: 614-626. 10.1016/j.rmed.2012.01.006.

Marin JM, Carrizo SJ, Gascon M, Sanchez A, Gallego B, Celli BR: Inspiratory capacity, dynamic hyperinflation, brethlessness, and exercise performance during the 6-minute walk test in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001, 163: 1395-1399. 10.1164/ajrccm.163.6.2003172.

Martin AD, Davenport PW: Extrinsic threshold PEEP reduces post-exercise dyspnea in COPD patients: a placebo-controlled double-blind cross-over study. Cardiopulm Phys Ther J. 2011, 22 (3): 5-10.

Maltais F, Reissman H, Gottfried SB: Pressure support reduces inspiratory effort and dyspnea during exercise in chronic airflow obstruction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995, 151: 1027-1033.

Petrof BJ, Calderini E, Gottfried SB: Effect of CPAP on respiratory effort and dyspnea during exercise in severe COPD. J Appl Physiol. 1990, 69: 79-88.

Kyroussis D, Polkey MI, Hamnegard CH, Mills GH, Green M, Moxham J: Respiratory muscle activity in patients with COPD walking to exhaustion with and without pressure support. Eur Respir J. 2000, 15: 649-655. 10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.15d05.x.

Padkao T, Boonsawat W, Chulee UJ: Conical-PEP is safe, reduces lung hyperinflation and contributes to improved exercise endurance in patients with COPD:a randomized cross-over trial. J Physiother. 2010, 56: 33-39. 10.1016/S1836-9553(10)70052-7.

Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusaco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, Crapo R, Crapo R, Enright P, van der Grinten CP, Gustafsson P, Jensen R, Johnson DC, MacIntyre N, McKay R, Navajas D, Pedersen OF, Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Wanger J, ATS/ERS Task Force: Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J. 2005, 26 (2): 319-338. 10.1183/09031936.05.00034805.

Chadra D, Wise RA, Kulkarni HS, Benzo RP, Criner G, Make B, Slivka WA, Ries AL, Reilly JJ, Martinez FJ, Sciurba FC, NETT Research Group: Optimizing the 6-min walk test as a measure of exercise capacity. Chest. 2012, 142 (6): 1545-1552. 10.1378/chest.11-2702.

Hernandes NA, Wouters EFM, Meijer K, Annegarn J, Pitta F, Spruit MA: Reproducibility of 6-minute walking test in patients with COPD. Eur Respir J. 2011, 38: 261-267. 10.1183/09031936.00142010.

Casanova C, Celli BR, Barna P, Casas A, Cote C, de Torres JP, Jardim J, Lopez MV, Marin JM, Montes de Oca M, Pinto-Plata V, Aguirre-Jaime A, Six Minute Walk Distance Project (ALAT): The 6-min walk test distance in healthy subjects:reference standards from seven countries. Eur Respir J. 2011, 37: 150-156. 10.1183/09031936.00194909.

van der Schans CP, de Jong W, de Vries G, Kaan WA, Postma DS, Koeter GH, van der Mark TW: Effects of positive expiratory pressure breathing during exercise in patients with COPD. Chest. 1995, 105: 782-789.

Christensen EF, Jensen RH, Schonemann NK, Petersen KD: Flow-dependent properties of positive expiratory pressure devices. Arch Chest Dis. 1995, 50 (2): 150-153.

ATS statement: Guidelines for six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002, 166: 111-117.

O’ Donnel DE, Webb KA: The major limitation to exercise performance in COPD is dynamic hyperinflation. J Appl Physiol. 2008, 105: 753-755. 10.1152/japplphysiol.90336.2008b.

Cazzola M, Biscione GL, Pasqua F, Crigna G, Appodia M, Cardaci V, Ferri L: Use of 6-min and 12-min walking test for assessing the efficacy of formoterol in COPD. Respir Med. 2008, 102: 1425-1430. 10.1016/j.rmed.2008.04.017.

Nicolini A: Short term effect of tiotropium on COPD patients treated with long acting bronchodilators. Tanaffos. 2012, 11 (1): 26-31.

Menadue C, Alison JA, Piper AJ, Flunt D, Ellis ER: Bilevel ventilation during exercise in acute on chronic respiratory failure: a preliminary study. Respir Med. 2010, 104: 219-227. 10.1016/j.rmed.2009.08.015.

Kohnlein T, Schonheit-Kenn U, WinterKamp S, Weite T, Kenn K: Noninvasive ventilation in pulmonary rehabilitation of COPD patients. Respir Med. 2009, 103: 1329-1336. 10.1016/j.rmed.2009.03.016.

Menadue C, Alison J, Piper A, Flunt D, Ellis ER: Non-invasive ventilation during arm exercise and ground walking in patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. Respirology. 2009, 14: 251-259. 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2008.01449.x.

Costes F, Agresti A, Court-Fortune I, Roche F, Vergnon JM, Barthelemy JC: Non invasive ventilation during exercise training improves exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 2003, 23 (4): 307-313. 10.1097/00008483-200307000-00008.

Wouters EFM: Non pharmacological modulation of dynamic hyperinflation. Eur Respir Rev. 2006, 15: 90-96. 10.1183/09059180.00010007.

Haeffener MP, Ferreira GM, MennaBarreto SS, Arena R, Dall’Ago P: Incentive spirometry with expiratory positive airway pressure reduces pulmonary complications, improves pulmonary function and 6-minute walk distance in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Am J Heart. 2008, 156: 900-e1-900. e8

Oliveira CC, Carrascosa CR, Borghi-Silva A, Berton DC, Queiroga F, Ferreira EM, Nery LE, Neder JA: Influence of respiratory pressure support on hemodynamics and exercise tolerance in patients with COPD. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010, 109: 681-689. 10.1007/s00421-010-1408-8.

Monteiro MB, Berton DC, Moreira FM, Menna-Barreto SS, ZimermannTeixera PJ: Effects of expiratory positive airway pressure on dynamic hyperinflation during exercise in patients with COPD. Respir Care. 2012, 57 (9): 1405-1412. 10.4187/respcare.01481.

Callens E, Graba S, Gillet-Juvin C, Essalhi M, Bidaud-Chevallier B, Peiffer C, Mahut B, Delclaux C: Measurement of dynamic hyperinflation after a 6-minute walk test in patients with COPD. Chest. 2009, 136: 1466-1472. 10.1378/chest.09-0410.