Use of carbon dioxide as feedstock for chemicals and fuels: homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis

Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology - Tập 89 Số 3 - Trang 334-353 - 2014
Angela Dibenedetto1, Antonella Angelini1, Paolo Stufano1
1Department of Chemistry and CIRCC University of Bari Via Orabona 4‐70126 Bari Italy

Tóm tắt

Abstract

CO2is considered to play a key role in an eventual climate change, due to its accumulation in the atmosphere. The control of its emission represents a challenging task that requires new ideas and new technologies. The use of perennial energy sources and renewable fuels instead of fossil fuels and the conversion ofCO2into useful products are receiving increased attention. The utilization ofCO2as a raw material for the synthesis of chemicals and fuels is an area in which scientists and industrialists are much involved: the implementation of such technology on a large scale would allow a change from a linear use of fossil carbon to its cyclic use, mimicking Nature. In this paper the use ofCO2as building block is discussed.CO2can replace toxic species such as phosgene in low energy processes, or can be used as source of carbon for the synthesis of energy products. The reactions with dihydrogen, alcohols, epoxides, amines, olefins, dienes, and other unsaturated hydrocarbons are discussed, under various reaction conditions, using metal systems or enzymes as catalysts. The formation of products such as formic acid and its esters, formamides, methanol, dimethyl carbonate, alkylene carbonates, carbamic acid esters, lactones, carboxylic acids, and polycarbonates, is described.

The factors that have limited so far the conversion of large volumes ofCO2are analyzed and options for large‐scaleCO2catalytic conversion into chemicals and fuels are discussed. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts are considered and the pros and cons of their use highlighted. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry

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