Urinary phthalates and body mass index in preschool children: The MIREC Child Development Plus study

Arbuckle, 2014, Phthalate and bisphenol A exposure among pregnant women in Canada - results from the MIREC study, Environ. Int., 68, 55, 10.1016/j.envint.2014.02.010 Arbuckle, 2013, Cohort profile: the maternal-infant research on environmental chemicals research platform, Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 27, 415, 10.1111/ppe.12061 Aylward, 2014, Sources of variability in biomarker concentrations, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B Crit. Rev., 17, 45, 10.1080/10937404.2013.864250 Biemann, 2012, Endocrine disrupting chemicals affect the adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in distinct ontogenetic windows, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 417, 747, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.12.028 Boas, 2010, Childhood exposure to phthalates: associations with thyroid function, insulin-like growth factor I, and growth, Environ. Health Perspect., 118, 1458, 10.1289/ehp.0901331 Braun, 2017, Early life exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and childhood obesity and neurodevelopment, Nat. Rev. Endocrinol., 13, 161, 10.1038/nrendo.2016.186 Buser, 2014, Age and sex differences in childhood and adulthood obesity association with phthalates: analyses of NHANES 2007-2010, Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health, 217, 687, 10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.02.005 Carrico, 2015, Characterization of a weighted quantile score approach for highly correlated data in risk analysis scenarios, J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat., 20, 100, 10.1007/s13253-014-0180-3 Casals-Casas, 2011, Endocrine Disruptors: from endocrine to metabolic disruption, Annu. Rev. Physiol., 73, 135, 10.1146/annurev-physiol-012110-142200 Casas, 2018, Variability of urinary concentrations of non-persistent chemicals in pregnant women and school-aged children, Environ. Int., 121, 561, 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.046 2009 Correia-Sá, 2018, Obesity or diet? Levels and determinants of phthalate body burden – a case study on Portuguese children, Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health, 221, 519, 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.02.001 Deierlein, 2016, Longitudinal associations of phthalate exposures during childhood and body size measurements in young girls, Epidemiology, 27, 492, 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000489 Den Hond, 2015, First steps toward harmonized human biomonitoring in Europe: demonstration project to perform human biomonitoring on a European scale, Environ. Health Perspect., 123, 255, 10.1289/ehp.1408616 Desvergne, 2009, PPAR-mediated activity of phthalates : a link to the obesity epidemic ?, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 304, 43, 10.1016/j.mce.2009.02.017 Engle, 2013, Causal inference considerations for endocrine disruptor research in children's health, Annu. Rev. Publ. Health, 34, 139, 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031811-124556 Fisher, 2019, Phthalate and BPA exposure in women and newborns through personal care product use and food packaging, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 10813, 10.1021/acs.est.9b02372 Fisher, 2015, Bisphenol A and phthalate metabolite urinary concentrations: daily and across pregnancy variability, J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol., 25, 231, 10.1038/jes.2014.65 Foster, 2000, Effects of Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) on male reproductive development in the rat: implications for human risk assessment, Food Chem. Toxicol., 38, S97, 10.1016/S0278-6915(99)00128-3 Garí, 2019, Determinants of phthalate exposure and risk assessment in children from Poland, Environ. Int., 127, 742, 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.011 2014, Global, regional and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults 1980-2013: a systematic analysis, Lancet, 384, 766 Goodman, 2014, Do phthalates act as obesogens in humans? A systematic review of the epidemiological literature, Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 44, 151, 10.3109/10408444.2013.860076 Gow, 2001, Neonatal hepatic drug elimination, Pharmacol. Toxicol., 88, 3, 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2001.088001003.x Grun, 2009, Endocrine disrupters as obesogens, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 304, 19, 10.1016/j.mce.2009.02.018 Hao, 2012, The endocrine disruptor mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate promotes adipocyte differentiation and induces obesity in mice, Biosci. Rep., 32, 619, 10.1042/BSR20120042 Harley, 2017, Association of prenatal urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and childhood BMI and obesity, Pediatr. Res., 82, 405, 10.1038/pr.2017.112 Hays, 2015, Variation in urinary flow rates according to demographic characteristics and body mass index in NHANES: potential confounding of associations between health outcomes and urinary biomarker concentrations, Environ. Health Perspect., 123, 293, 10.1289/ehp.1408944 2019, Fifth report on human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals in Canada, Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle, 5 Heindel, 2015, Endocrine disruptors and obesity, Nat. Rev. Endocrinol., 11, 653, 10.1038/nrendo.2015.163 Hill, 2018, Nonmonotonic dose–response curves occur in dose ranges that are relevant to regulatory decision-making, Dose-Response, 1 Hurst, 2003, Activation of PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma by environmental phthalate monoesters, Toxicol. Sci., 308, 297, 10.1093/toxsci/kfg145 Just, 2010, Urinary and air phthalate concentrations and self-reported use of personal care products among minority pregnant women in New York city, J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol., 20, 625, 10.1038/jes.2010.13 Keith, 2006, 1585 Lewin, 2017, Univariate predictors of maternal concentrations of environmental chemicals: the MIREC study, Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health, 220, 77, 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.01.001 Maresca, 2016, Prenatal exposure to phthalates and childhood body size in an urban cohort, Environ. Health Perspect., 124, 514, 10.1289/ehp.1408750 Mylchreest, 1999, Disruption of androgen-regulated male reproductive development by di(n- butyl) phthalate during late gestation in rats is different from flutamide, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 156, 81, 10.1006/taap.1999.8643 Poti, 2017, Ultra-processed food intake and obesity: what really matters for health – processing or nutrient content ?, Curr. Obes. Rep., 6, 420, 10.1007/s13679-017-0285-4 2019 Renzetti Romano, 2014, Challenges and future directions to evaluating the association between prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and childhood obesity, Curr. Epidemiol. Rep., 57, 10.1007/s40471-014-0007-3 Schwedler, 2020, Phthalate metabolites in urine of children and adolescents in Germany. Human biomonitoring results of the German Environmental Survey GerES V, 2014–2017, Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health, 225, 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.113444 Shoaff, 2017, Early-life phthalate exposure and adiposity at 8 years of age, Environ. Health Perspect., 125, 10.1289/EHP1022 Tanner, 2019, Repeated holdout validation for weighted quantile sum regression, Methods, 6, 2855 Tanner, 2020, Early prenatal exposure to suspected endocrine disruptor mixtures is associated with lower IQ at age seven, Environ. Int., 134, 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105185 Teitelbaum, 2012, Associations between phthalate metabolite urinary concentrations and body size measures in New York City children, Environ. Res., 112, 186, 10.1016/j.envres.2011.12.006 Trasande, 2013, Race/ethnicity-specific associations of urinary phthalates with childhood body mass in a nationally representative sample, Environ. Health Perspect., 121, 501, 10.1289/ehp.1205526 Vafeiadi, 2018, Association of early life exposure to phthalates with obesity and cardiometabolic traits in childhood: sex specific associations, Front Public Health, 6, 1, 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00327 van Buuren, 2011, mice: multivariate imputation by chained equations in R, J. Stat. Software, 45, 1 Voerman, 2019, Maternal body mass index, gestational weight gain, and the risk of overweight and obesity across childhood: an individual participant data meta-analysis, PLoS Med., 16, 1, 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002744 Wang, 2013, Urinary phthalate metabolites are associated with body mass index and waist circumference in Chinese school children, PloS One, 8 Wang, 2019, A review of biomonitoring of phthalate exposures, Toxics, 7, 21, 10.3390/toxics7020021 Weiss, 2018, Daily intake of phthalates, MEHP, and DINCH by ingestion and inhalation, Chemosphere, 208, 40, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.094 2015 Wittassek, 2011, Assessing exposure to phthalates - the human biomonitoring approach, Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 55, 7, 10.1002/mnfr.201000121 Wormuth, 2006, What are the sources of exposure to eight frequently used phthalic acid esters in Europeans?, Risk Anal., 26, 803, 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00770.x Yang, 2017, Bisphenol A and phthalates in utero and in childhood: association with child BMI z-score and adiposity, Environ. Res., 156, 326, 10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.038 Zhang, 2014, Age and sex-specific relationships between phthalate exposures and obesity in Chinese children at puberty, PloS One, 9 Zota, 2014, Temporal trends in phthalate exposures: findings from the national health and nutrition examination survey, 2001-2010, Environ. Health Perspect., 122, 235, 10.1289/ehp.1306681